Social:Bisu language
| Bisu | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Thailand, China |
| Ethnicity | 700 in Thailand (2007)[1] |
Native speakers | 240 in China (2005)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Thai script, Latin script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bzi |
| Glottolog | bisu1244[2] |
Bisu (Chinese: 毕苏语) is a Loloish language of Thailand, with a couple thousand speakers in China. Varieties are Bisu proper (Mbisu) and Laomian (Guba), considered by Pelkey to be distinct languages.
The Laomian are classified within the Lahu ethnic group; the Lahu proper call them the "Lawmeh".[3]
Distribution
According to Bisuyu Yanjiu 毕苏语研究 (2002), there are over 5,000 Bisu speakers in Yunnan, China, and a total of nearly 10,000 Bisu speakers in all countries combined. Within Yunnan, it is spoken mostly in Pu'er Prefecture, as well as neighboring parts of Xishuangbanna.
- Lancang County 澜沧县
- Zhutang 竹塘乡
- Dazhai 大寨, Laomian 老面[4] (see Laomian language)
- Laba 拉巴乡
- Donglang 东朗乡
- Fubang 富邦乡
- Zhutang 竹塘乡
- Menghai County 勐海县
- Mengzhe 勐遮乡
- Laopinzhai 老品寨[5] (see Laopin language)
- Mengzhe 勐遮乡
- Ximeng County 西盟县
- Lisuo 力锁乡
- Menglian County 孟连县
- Nanya 南雅乡
In Thailand, two dialects of Bisu are spoken in the following villages of Phan District, Chiang Rai Province (Bisuyu Yanjiu 2002:152).
- Dialect 1: Huai Chomphu village (also called Ban Huaisan) and Doi Pui village
- Dialect 2: Phadaeng village
Another variety of Bisu differing from the Phayao variety is spoken in Takɔ (Ban Thako), Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province.
In Laos, Bisu (pi33 su44; also called Lao-Phai) is spoken in Phudokcham village, Phongxaly District.[6]
Orthography
In Thailand, the Bisu language is written with the Thai script.
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | ||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
unaspirated | p ⟨p, ป⟩ | t ⟨t, ต⟩ | ts ⟨c, จฺ⟩ | t͡ɕ~t͡ʃ ⟨č, จ⟩ | k ⟨k, ก⟩ | ʔ ⟨-, อ⟩ |
| aspirated | pʰ ⟨ph, พ⟩ | tʰ ⟨th, ท⟩ | tsʰ ⟨ch, ชฺ⟩ | t͡ɕʰ~t͡ʃʰ ⟨čh, ช⟩ | kʰ ⟨kh, ค⟩ | ||
| voiced | b ⟨b, บ⟩ | d ⟨d, ด⟩ | g ⟨g, กง⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | f ⟨f, ฟ⟩ | s ⟨s, ซ⟩ | ʃ ⟨š, ซฺ⟩ | h ⟨h, ฮ⟩ | |||
| Nasal | plain | m ⟨m, ม⟩ | n ⟨n, น⟩ | ɲ ⟨ñ, ญ⟩ | ŋ ⟨ŋ, ง⟩ | ||
| preaspirated | m̥ ⟨hm, ฮม⟩ | n̥ ⟨hn, ฮน⟩ | ɲ̊ ⟨hñ, ฮญ⟩ | ŋ̊ ⟨hŋ, ฮง⟩ | |||
| Approximant | plain | w ⟨w, ว⟩ | l ⟨l, ล⟩ | j ⟨y, ย⟩ | |||
| preaspirated | l̥ ⟨hl, ฮล⟩ | j̊ ⟨hy, ฮย⟩ | |||||
Vowels
There is no different meaning between long and short vowels. However, check syllables may sound shorter than non-checked ones when speaking. Thai standard uses only long vowels.
- -า – a – [a]
- -ี – i – [i]
- -ือ/-ื – ɨ – [ɨ~ʉ]
- -ู – u – [u]
- เ- – e – [e]
- แ- – ɛ – [ɛ~æ]
- โ- – o – [o]
- -อ – ɔ – [ɔ]
- เ-อ/เ-ิ – ə – [ə]
- เ-ีย – ia – [ia][7][8]
Tones
- – – no mark – mid
- -่ – grave accent – low
- -้ – acute accent – high
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bisu at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Bisu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bisu1244.
- ↑ Bradley (2007)
- ↑ "Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn Zhútáng Xiāng Lǎotànshān Lǎomiǎnzhài". http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=111581.
- ↑ "Měnghǎi Xiàn Měngzhē Zhèn Mànhóng Cūnwěihuì Lǎopǐn Zìráncūn". http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=144437.
- ↑ Kingsadā, Thō̜ngphet; Shintani, Tadahiko (1999). Basic Vocabularies of the Languages Spoken in Phongxaly, Lao P.D.R.. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Bisu". https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bisu.htm.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา. คู่มือระบบเขียนภาษาบีซูอักษรไทย ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสภา. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา, 2563, หน้า 32.
- Bradley, David (2007). "Language Endangerment in China and Mainland Southeast Asia". in Brenzinger, Matthias. Language Diversity Endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyte.
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