Biology:Lists of organisms by population

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Further information: Biology:Earliest known life forms
A swarm of common starlings. Numbering over 310 million, this species contains at least as many individuals as the United States does humans.[1][2]

This is a collection of lists of organisms by their population. While most of the numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. Species population is a science falling under the purview of population ecology and biogeography. Individuals are counted by census, as carried out for the piping plover;[3][4] using the transect method, as done for the mountain plover;[5] and beginning in 2012 by satellite, with the emperor penguin being first subject counted in this manner.[6]

Number of species

More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species,Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag Prokaryotes number about 4–6 × 1030 cells and 350–550 Pg of C.[7]

Microbes

It is estimated that the most numerous bacteria are of a species of the Pelagibacterales (or SAR11) clade, perhaps Pelagibacter ubique, and the most numerous viruses are bacteriophages infecting these species.[8] It is estimated that the oceans contain about 2.4 × 1028 (24 octillion) SAR11 cells.[9] The Deep Carbon Observatory has been exploring living forms in the interior of the Earth. "Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon".[10]

Animalia

     Relative terrestrial biomasses
of vertebrates versus arthropods

Vertebrates

Mammals (Mammalia)

The development of the world's landbased fauna over the millennia measured in biomass.

Birds (Aves)

Reptiles (Reptilia)

Animal Population Notes
Chinese alligator 100–200[13] Only in the wild. Chinese alligators are quite prolific in captivity, with estimates of the total captive population at over 10,000 animals, mostly in the Anhui Research Centre of Chinese Alligator Reproduction and the Madras Crocodile Bank.
Komodo dragon 4,000–5,000 Their populations are restricted to the islands of Gili Motang (100), Gili Dasami (100), Rinca (1,300), Komodo (1,700), and Flores (perhaps 2,000).[14] However, there are concerns that there may presently be only 350 breeding females.[15]

Fish (Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes, and Agnatha)

There are an estimated 3.5 trillion fish in the ocean.[16][17]

Hexapoda

Insects (Insecta)

Recent figures indicate that there are more than 1.4 billion insects for each human on the planet,[18] or roughly 1019 (10 quintillion) individual living insects on the earth at any given time.[19] An article in The New York Times claimed that the world holds 300 pounds of insects for every pound of humans.[19] Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. Their population is estimated as between 1016–1017 (10-100 quadrillion).[20] With an estimated 20 quadrillion ants their biomass comes to 12 megatons of dry carbon, which is more than all wild birds and non-human mammals combined.[21][22][23]

Plantae

Trees

According to NASA in 2005, there were over 400 billion trees on our globe.[24] However, more recently, in 2015, using better methods, the global tree count has been estimated at 3 trillion.[25] Other studies show that the Amazonian forest alone yields approximately 430 billion trees.[26] Extrapolations from data compiled over a period of 10 years suggest that greater Amazonia, which includes the Amazon Basin and the Guiana Shield, harbors around 390 billion individual trees.[27]

See also


References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Sturnus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/106006815/0. 
  2. ↑ "U.S. POPClock Projection". U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/populddadaedsdasddwdaw/www/popclockus.html. 
  3. ↑ Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center. "2011 International Piping Plover Census: Study Description". United States Geological Survey. http://fresc.usgs.gov/research/StudyDetail.asp?Study_ID=786. 
  4. ↑ "Positive Piping Plover Count". Government of Saskatchewan. 6 Nov 2006. http://www.environment.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=73d2c0ca-c031-4ca5-81f4-5b5b9a2f3dc8. 
  5. ↑ "Mountain plover survey guidelines — Wyoming". United States Fish and Wildlife Service. March 2002. http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/wy/field-offices/newcastle/wildlife/docs.Par.53483.File.dat/SurveyProtocols.pdf. 
  6. ↑ Dell'Amore, Christine (13 April 2012). "Emperor Penguins Counted From Space—A First". National Geographic News (National Geographic). http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/04/120413-emperor-penguins-survey-antarctica-animals-space-science/. 
  7. ↑ Whitman, William B.; Coleman, David C.; Wiebe, William J. (1998-06-09). "Prokaryotes: The unseen majority". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95 (12): 6578–6583. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 9618454. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.6578W. 
  8. ↑ Erin M. Eggleston; Ian Hewson (2016). "Abundance of Two Pelagibacter ubique Bacteriophage Genotypes along a Latitudinal Transect in the North and South Atlantic Oceans". Frontiers in Microbiology 7: 1534. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01534. PMID 27733846. 
  9. ↑ Merry Youle; Gemma Reguera (February 22, 2015). "The Most Abundant Small Things Considered". http://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2015/02/the-most-abundant-small-things-considered.html. 
  10. ↑ "Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon—hundreds of times more than humans" (in en-us). https://phys.org/news/2018-12-life-deep-earth-totals-billion.html. 
  11. ↑ "Number of chickens worldwide from 1990 to 2018". https://www.statista.com/statistics/263962/number-of-chickens-worldwide-since-1990/. 
  12. ↑ UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation (July 2011). "Global Livestock Counts". The Economist. https://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/07/global-livestock-counts. 
  13. ↑ Alligators, River Dolphins, Giant Salamanders In China - China | Facts And Details
  14. ↑ Trooper Walsh; Murphy, James Jerome; Claudio Ciofi; Colomba De LA Panouse (2002). Komodo Dragons: Biology and Conservation (Zoo and Aquarium Biology and Conservation Series). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. ISBN 1-58834-073-2. 
  15. ↑ "Ora (Komodo Island Monitor or Komodo Dragon)". American Museum of Natural History. http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/ora/ora.html. 
  16. ↑ "Trillion". 23 May 2009. http://times-of-change.blogspot.com/2009/05/trillion.html. 
  17. ↑ "How Many Fishes Are There in the World". 5 July 2022. https://a-z-animals.com/blog/how-many-fishes-are-in-the-world. 
  18. ↑ Worrall, Simon (6 August 2017). "Without Bugs, We Might All Be Dead". National Geographic Society. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/08/insect-bug-medicine-food-macneal/. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 ""Numbers of Insects - Species and individuals"". Smithsonian Institution. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/buginfo/bugnos. 
  20. ↑ Embery, Joan and Lucaire, Ed (1983) Collection of Amazing Animal Facts.
  21. ↑ "How many ants are on Earth? 20 quadrillion, study says". September 19, 2022. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220919-how-many-ants-are-on-earth-20-quadrillion-study-says. 
  22. ↑ Grandoni, Dino (September 19, 2022). "How many ants are crawling the Earth? Nearly 20 quadrillion, scientists say.". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/09/19/ants-population-20-quadrillion/. 
  23. ↑ Schultheiss P, Nooten SS, Wang R, Wong MKL, Brassard F, Guénard B (2022). "The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119 (40): e2201550119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2201550119. PMID 36122199. 
  24. ↑ "Going Out On A Limb With A Tree-Person Ratio : Krulwich Wonders... : NPR". http://h.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=96758439. 
  25. ↑ Ehrenberg, Rachel (2 September 2015). "Global count reaches 3 trillion trees - Approach combines ground-based surveys with satellite imaging to find higher density than anticipated.". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18287. http://www.nature.com/news/global-count-reaches-3-trillion-trees-1.18287. Retrieved 28 November 2015. 
  26. ↑ "How many tree species are there in the Amazon and how many of them will go extinct?". http://www.pnas.org/content/105/suppl.1/11498.full. 
  27. ↑ "Field Museum scientists estimate 16,000 tree species in the Amazon". http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-10/fm-fms101413.php. 



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