Social:Socio-Cultural Group

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Socio-Cultural Group is a term which is used on the island of Mauritius to refer to private organisations whose primary objectives are to consolidate human and moral values, strengthen the family unit and promote religious and cultural values. These groups are also known as socio-cultural movements or socio-cultural associations.[1]

History

Some of the earliest socio-cultural groups which have survived are the Cutchee Meiman Sunnee Mussulman Society (CMSMS) which was founded in 1852 and the Surtee Sunnee Mussulman Society (SSMS) which dates back to 1890. They set up schools for religious studies.[2] The Indian Cultural Association (ICA) was active in Mauritius in the 1930s and politician Seewoosagur Ramgoolam was ICA's president during his early foray into politics.[3] In the 1940s the Jan Andolan was founded by Basdeo Bissoondoyal when he returned from his higher studies in India. Jan Andolan volunteers contributed to the record participation in the 1948 general elections by teaching eligible adults how to write and sign their name in one of the island's many languages at the Baitkas located in villages and sugar estates.[4]

During the 1960s and 1970s socio-cultural associations contributed to the education of the rural mass which resulted in increased mobility in rural areas of Mauritius. There was a substantial increase in the number of socio-cultural groups following the government's decision in 1962 to subsidise them using state funds. These groups started to play a direct role in politics from the 1963 General Elections.[5]

Modern trends and features

Socio-cultural groups are nowadays heavily involved in local politics and they are generally headed by lobbyists.[6][7] Some of these lobbyists have even been political nominees on the board of several para-statal bodies and government organisations. There is also an absence of financial audits of these organisations although they receive substantial government funding.[8][9]

There are a large number of socio-cultural associations which receive direct funding from the government of Mauritius. Each group is associated with a particular religion or ethnic group. Each group's political allegiance changes depending on local conditions and deals that have been made with the main official political parties of Mauritius in exchange for positions as board members in state-run companies, or for promised concessions or change in legislation to favour the group's members.[10][11]

Critics have suggested that the government should enact fundamental changes in order to remove the involvement of socio-cultural groups in politics and to ensure that they return to their original objectives of promoting religious and cultural values only. One suggestion is to stop all government funding to these groups. Another suggestion is that the socio-cultural groups should be subjected to regular financial audits.[12] The government increased the annual value of grants to religious organisations, which include the socio-cultuyral groups, from Rs 93 Million to Rs 103 Million.[13]

List of Socio-Cultural Groups

The predominant groups include the following:[14]

1. All Muslim Congress (AMC)[15]

2. Arya Ravived Pracharini Sabha (ARPS) [16][17]

3. Arya Samaj

4. Association Socio Cultural Rastafarian (ASCR)

5. Chinese Cultural Centre (CCC)

6. Chung Hwa Chung Shueh Society[18][19]

7. Cutchee Meiman Sunnee Mussulman Society (CMSMS)

8. Fédération des Créoles Mauriciens (FCM) (Jocelyn Grégoire)[20][21]

9. Gahlot Rajput Maha Sabha (GRMS)[22][23]

10. Groupman Larkansiel Kreol (GLK)[24]

11. Hindu House[25]

12. Hindu Unity Movement (HUM)

13. Hindutva Movement[26][27]

14. Hua Lien (Castle Bridge Ltd)[28]

15. Human Service Trust (HST)[29][30][31][32]

16. Islamic Circle Quran House (ICQH)

17. Islamic Cultural Centre (ICC)[33]

18. Jinfei[34][35][36]

19. Kranti

20. Mauritius Chinese Federation (MCF)

21. Mauritius Marathi Mandali Federation (MMMF)

22. Maratha Mandir Association (MMA)

23. Mauritius Sanatan Dharma Temples Federation (MSDTF)[37]

24. Mauritius Tamil Council (MTC) [38]

25. Mauritius Tamil Temples Federation (MTTF)[39]

26. Mauritius Telugu Maha Sabha (formerly called Mauritius Andhra Maha Sabha)[40]

27. Mission Catholique Chinoise (MCC)

28. Muslim Youth Federation (MYF)

29. Muslim Union

30. Quinze-Cantons Hindu Sewak Sangh

31. Ram Sena

32. Rassemblement des Organisations Créoles (ROC)[41]

33. Seva Shivir[42][43]

34. Société Islamique de Maurice (SIM)

35. Surtee Sunnee Mussulman Society (SSMS)

36. Swastika Mauritius[44]

37. Tamil League

38. Tamil Union of Mauritius (TUM) also known as Union Tamoule

39. Vaish Mukhti Sangh[45]

40. Veer Ekta[46][47]

41. Voice of Hindu / Vijayi Om Hamara (VOH) [48][49][50]

42. Ohanaeze Ndi Igbo[51]

References

  1. ↑ "Socio-Cultural Societies: Lobbyists at Work". Business Mega. https://business.mega.mu/2012/03/05/socio-cultural-societies-lobbyists-work/. 
  2. ↑ Heerah, Hashwini. "Gender and Politicised Religion". University of Mauritius. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282603686. 
  3. ↑ "British Colonial Rule". U.S. Library of Congress. http://countrystudies.us/mauritius/4.htm. 
  4. ↑ "The long battle for dignity and justice". L'Express. lexpress.mu. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/long-battle-dignity-and-justice. 
  5. ↑ "Socio-Cultural Societies: Lobbyists at Work". Business Mega. https://business.mega.mu/2012/03/05/socio-cultural-societies-lobbyists-work/. 
  6. ↑ Reddi, Sada. "The Socio-Culturals, the Capitalist Lobby & Politics". Mauritius Times. http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/the-socio-culturals-the-capitalist-lobby-politics/. 
  7. ↑ "More of The Same". Mauritius Times. http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/more-of-the-same/. 
  8. ↑ "Bissoon Mungroo, Die Hard de SAJ". ION News. https://ionnews.mu/bissoon-mungroo-die-hard-de-saj/. 
  9. ↑ "Socio-Cultural Societies: Lobbyists at Work". Business Mega. https://business.mega.mu/2012/03/05/socio-cultural-societies-lobbyists-work/. 
  10. ↑ "The MSTDF Elections". Mauritius Times. http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/the-mstdf-elections/. 
  11. ↑ "Socio-Cultural Societies: Lobbyists at Work". Business Mega. https://business.mega.mu/2012/03/05/socio-cultural-societies-lobbyists-work/. 
  12. ↑ Nunkoo, Kailash. "Socio-Cultural Damage and Revolutions!". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/socio-cultural-damage-and-revolutions. 
  13. ↑ Padayachy, Renganaden. "Budget Speech 2020-2021 Our New Normal: The Economy of Life". Ministry of Finance. https://mof.govmu.org/Documents/Documents/Budget%202020-2021/Budget%20Speech%202020-2021%20%28English%29.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Heerah, Hashwini. "Gender and Politicised Religion". University of Mauritius. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282603686. 
  15. ↑ "Pour le Mauricianisme: ces lobbies sectaires qui veulent diriger Maurice". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/326650/pour-mauricianisme-lobbies-sectaires-qui-veulent-diriger-maurice. 
  16. ↑ Claveyrolas, Mathieu. "The 'Land of the Vaish'? Caste Structure and Ideology in Mauritius". OEJ. https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/3886. 
  17. ↑ "The Matri Sabha". Mauritius Arya Ravived Pracharini Sabha. https://www.marvps.org/the-matri-sabha/. 
  18. ↑ "Mauritius Delegation Visits Hakka Affairs Council-Exchanged Experience on Hakka Traditions Passed Down". Hakka Affairs Council. https://english.hakka.gov.tw/Content/Content?NodeID=463&PageID=29241&LanguageType=ENG. 
  19. ↑ "Ambassador Sun Gongyi Meets with Members of Parliament of Mauritius". Chinese Embassy in Mauritius. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1827563.shtml. 
  20. ↑ "Le père Grégoire mobilise une foule importante au Champ-de-Mars". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/le-p%C3%A8re-gr%C3%A9goire-mobilise-une-foule-importante-au-champ-de-mars. 
  21. ↑ Moris, E.. "De genereux donateurs presents a la Federation des Creoles Mauriciens FCM du pere Gregoire". Zinfos Moris. https://www.zinfos-moris.com/De-genereux-donateurs-presents-a-la-Federation-des-Creoles-Mauriciens-FCM-du-pere-Gregoire_a8858.html. 
  22. ↑ "Gahlot Rajput Maha Sabha: Litige Entre Ramkaun et Sookhee pour la Présidence". Business Mega. https://business.mega.mu/2015/12/23/gahlot-rajput-maha-sabha-litige-entre-ramkaun-et-sookhee-pour-la-presidence/. 
  23. ↑ Daby, Pradeep. "Affaire téléfax-PPS Ramkaun: le Rajput Gahlot Maha Sabha saisit l'Icac". Defimedia. https://defimedia.info/affaire-telefax-pps-ramkaun-le-rajput-gahlot-maha-sabha-saisit-licac. 
  24. ↑ "Le GLK: Priorité : l'application des recommandations de la CJV". Le Mauricien. https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/societe/groupman-larkansiel-kreol-priorit%C3%A9-lapplication-des-recommandations-la-cjv/129625/. 
  25. ↑ "Hindu House : Un hommage rendu à Dimple Raghoo". Le Mauricien. https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/societe/hindu-house-un-hommage-rendu-a-dimple-raghoo/391005/. 
  26. ↑ "Somduth Dulthamun s'interroge sur l'attribution des Finances au PMSD". Wazaa. https://www.wazaa.mu/fr/somduth-dulthamun-s%E2%80%99interroge-sur-l%E2%80%99attribution-des-finances-au-pmsd. 
  27. ↑ "L'Hindutva Movement émet deux critiques". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/node/124808. 
  28. ↑ "History of Hua Lien and Castle Bridge Limited". Hua Lien Club. https://www.hualienclub.com/index.php/about-hualien. 
  29. ↑ "SOCIAL: Le Human Service Trust célèbre ses 50 ans". Le Mauricien. https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/societe/social-human-service-trust-celebre-ses-50-ans/150120/. 
  30. ↑ Bissessur, Raj. "Le Human Service Trust en a assez". Defimedia. https://defimedia.info/le-human-service-trust-en-assez. 
  31. ↑ "Pravind Jugnauth remercie le Human Service Trust pour son soutien aux plus démunis". Inside News. https://www.inside.news/pravind-jugnauth-remercie-le-human-service-trust-pour-son-soutien-aux-plus-demunis/. 
  32. ↑ "Dans la presse le 9 avril". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/304237/dans-presse-9-avril. 
  33. ↑ "Islamic Cultural Centre". Government of Mauritius. http://icc.govmu.org/English/Pages/default.aspx. 
  34. ↑ "Mauritius Jinfei Zone to Further Consolidate Ties Between Mauritius and China". Government of Mauritius. https://allafrica.com/stories/201911250723.html. 
  35. ↑ "Jinfei Smart City". Jinfei Smart City. http://www.jinfeismartcity.com/about.html. 
  36. ↑ "Baie du Tombeau – The hidden Gem of Port-Louis, Mauritius". Mauritius Treasure. https://www.mauritiustreasure.com/baie-du-tombeau-the-hidden-gem-of-port-louis-mauritius/. 
  37. ↑ "Ile Maurice: Bataille politico-socio religieux - Bissoon Mungroo s'attaque à Somduth Dulthumun". All Africa. https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201204210113.html. 
  38. ↑ "Pour le Mauricianisme: ces lobbies sectaires qui veulent diriger Maurice". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/326650/pour-mauricianisme-lobbies-sectaires-qui-veulent-diriger-maurice. 
  39. ↑ Dedans, Jean Claude. "Madeven Sooben de la MTTF: Nous avons demandé que le Cavadee reste férié". Defimedia. https://defimedia.info/madeven-sooben-de-la-mauritius-tamil-temples-federation-nous-avons-demande-que-le-cavadee-reste-ferie. 
  40. ↑ "Mauritius Telugu Maha Sabha". Mauritius Telugu Maha Sabha. https://mauritiustelugumahasabha.com/about-mtms/. 
  41. ↑ Moris, E.. "Rassemblement des Organisations Creoles: Le père Grégoire la cible de critiques". Zinfos Moris. https://www.zinfos-moris.com/Rassemblement-des-organisations-creoles-Le-pere-Gregoire-la-cible-de-critiques_a9204.html. 
  42. ↑ "Le parcours d'un combattant". 5 Plus. https://www.5plus.mu/node/12612. 
  43. ↑ Boodhoo, Sarita. "We Remember You Bhaiya". Mauritius Times. http://www.mauritiustimes.com/mt/sarita-boodhoo-56/. 
  44. ↑ "Divali Quand Swastika Mauritius fait briller la lumiere". 5 Plus. https://www.5plus.mu/actualite/divali-quand-swastika-mauritius-fait-briller-la-lumiere. 
  45. ↑ Claveyrolas, Mathieu. "The 'Land of the Vaish'? Caste Structure and Ideology in Mauritius". OEJ. https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/3886. 
  46. ↑ "Veer Ekta : Rajendrah Ramdhean doit démissionner comme président". Le Mauricien. https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/veer-ekta-rajendrah-ramdhean-doit-demissionner-comme-president/188670/. 
  47. ↑ Moris, E.. "Affiches illegales contre le MSM le president de Veer Ekta autorise a quitter le CID". Zinfos Moris. https://www.zinfos-moris.com/Affiches-illegales-contre-le-MSM-le-president-de-Veer-Ekta-autorise-a-quitter-le-CID_a2229.html. 
  48. ↑ "Enquête sur Voice of Hindu". 5 Plus. https://www.5plus.mu/node/10688. 
  49. ↑ "Allocation des terres de l'Etat : une enquête sera ouverte sur 7 cas". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/article/258003/allocation-terres-letat-une-enquete-sera-ouverte-sur-7-cas. 
  50. ↑ "Terres de l'Etat à La Vigie: confusion autour de la VOH". L'Express. https://www.lexpress.mu/node/258065/terres-letat-vigie-confusion-autour-voh. 
  51. ↑ "Obi remains our preferred candidate, says Ohanaeze" (in en-US). 2023-02-23. https://guardian.ng/news/obi-remains-our-preferred-candidate-says-ohanaeze/. 



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