Social:Femicide in Turkey

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Short description: Murder of females in Turkey
From the women's protest of the murder of Azra Gülendam Haytaoğlu, 2 August 2021, Kadıköy Square, Istanbul

Femicide in Turkey is murders in which women are killed for reasons related to their social roles, such as being killed on the grounds of "honor cleansing".[1]

It is one of the acts of violence against women in Turkey.[2] The number of femicides has increased significantly in Turkey in the 2000s, compared to previous years. In 2019 alone, 474 women were killed. It was the year in which the most women were killed in the country in the last 10 years.[3][4] According to the annual report of the "We Will Stop Femicide Platform", 300 women were murdered by men in 2020, and 171 women were found suspiciously dead.[5] Between 2010 and 2019, the number of femicides decreased only in 2011, the year the Istanbul Convention was signed.[5]

Among the main justifications put forward by criminals to normalize their crimes are; women's demand for separation, honor, deception, jealousy, and more.[6]

Statistics

According to the reports of the "We Will Stop Femicide Platform", there were a total of 2,296 femicides between 2010 and 2020 in Turkey.[5]

There are different data on femicide in Turkey published by official institutions and women's organizations.[7] Since statistics on the number of women killed by their partners or family members in Turkey are not shared by relevant government agencies, official data is considered insufficient to reflect the extent of the femicide problem.[8]

Civil organizations that started collecting data on femicide in Turkey are Anıt Sayaç, Bianet and We Will Stop Femicide Platform.

Femicide statistics according to some official data

The response of the then Minister of Justice, Sadullah Ergin, to a parliamentary question in 2009 is considered to be an important piece of official data on femicide in Turkey.[8] In this response, the number of femicides committed in the country between 2002 and 2008 was explained as being 66 in 2002, 83 in 2003, 128 in 2004, 317 in 2005, 663 in 2006, 1011 in 2007, and 806 in 2008. The 14-fold increase in femicides from the years 2002 to 2008 was widely discussed in the media and among politicians.[8]

In the answer given by the Ministry of Family and Social Policies to another parliamentary question asked in 2013, it was reported that 171 murders of women were committed in 2009, 177 in 2010, 163 in 2011 and 128 in the first 9 months of 2012.[9]

In January 2021, Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu announced on his Twitter account that the number of women who lost their lives in femicides within the scope of Law No. 6284 was 353 in 2017, 279 in 2018, 336 in 2019 and 266 in 2020.[10]

Femicide statistics by years

According to the data of the "We Will Stop Femicide Platform" (KCDP), 80 in 2008, 109 in 2009, 180 in 2010, 121 in 2011, 210 in 2012, 237 in 2013, 294 in 2014, 303 in 2015, 328 in 2016, 409 in 2017, 440 in 2018, and 474 in 2019, adding up to a total of 3,185 women were killed between 2008 and 2019.[3][11]

According to the 2019 report of the "We Will Stop Femicide Platform", 115 of the 474 femicides committed in 2019 were recorded as suspicious and the culprits could not be found.[3] According to the 2020 report, 300 women were killed by men in Turkey in 2020 and 171 women were found suspiciously dead.[5]

The table shows the number of deaths by years and the data of the "We Will Stop Femicide Platform", shared on the website Anıt Sayaç, made for women who have died of violence in Turkey, is as follows:

Year Number of deaths
(Anıt Sayaç) 		Number of deaths
(KCDP)
2008 66[12] 80
2009 125[13] 109
2010 203[14] 180
2011 130[15] 121
2012 145[16] 210
2013 231[17] 237
2014 290[18] 294
2015 293[19] 303
2016 289[20] 316
2017 351[21] 409
2018 404[22] 440
2019 422[23] 474
2020 410[24] 300[25]
2021 247[26]

Femicide statistics by perpetrator

A study examining 1,260 femicide cases that took place between 2008-2018, shows that the husband of the murdered woman is at the top of the list of perpetrators in femicides (623).[27] Murders by lovers (160) take the second place and ex-husband murders (94) take the third place. The fourth rank is "murders committed by an acquaintance" (88), with cases of theft and rape. This is followed by murders of relatives (49), murder by brother (48), murder by son (48), murder by father (38), and murder by a stranger (18).

Of the women murdered in 2019, 134 were by their spouses, 51 by their husbands, 29 by their relatives, 25 by their ex-husband, 25 by their son, neighbor or parents at the same school as their child, 8 by their former partner, 19 by acquaintances, 15 by their father, 13 by their brother, and 3 by people the women did not know.[3]

Femicide statistics by crime scene

According to the KCDP report, in 2019; 292 women were killed at home and 52 women were killed in the middle of the street.[3] 9 in their cars, 6 in their workplace, 5 in a hotel, 5 in a park, 3 in a shop, 2 in an entertainment venue, 2 in a hospital, 1 in a cafe, 1 in a school, 1 was killed in another public place. 31 of the murdered women were killed or their bodies were found in water or near water. 32 of them were killed or found dead in land areas such as forests, pastures, picnic areas, gardens and fields. 3 women were killed or found dead in desolate places such as barns and abandoned buildings. It could not be determined where 29 women were killed.[28]

Femicide statistics by killing methods

A study examining 1,260 murder cases out of more than 2,000 femicides that took place between 2008 and 2018, found that femicides were mostly committed with firearms (679), followed by cutting tools (404), strangulation (84), battering (64), and revealed that women were killed by torture (15).[27]

Of the 474 women killed in 2019, 185 were killed with a firearm, 101 with a sharp object, 29 by drowning, 27 by being beaten, 19 by being thrown from a height, 6 by chemical medicine, and 6 by burning. How 101 of them were killed could not be determined.[28]

Murders of women disguised as suicide

In 1999, contrary to the general trend in the world, female suicides were higher than male suicides in Turkey; has caused the phenomenon of suicide to take place more in the agenda of Turkey. In 1999, in Batman and its central districts, the average suicide rate in Turkey doubled in the first eight months of 2000 and 80.8% of those who committed suicide were women. As a result, many public institutions and non-governmental organizations felt the need to conduct research on women's suicides in the region.[29] Most of the female suicides are caused by the pressure of honor; Some of the events that were reflected in the media as suicides were honor killings that were made to look like suicides; It has been claimed that some of them are suicides as a result of the pressure of custom.[29]

Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and Black Sea regions, where the highest number of honor killings are committed in Turkey, are the regions where suicides are committed due to the pressure of honor and the incidents that are shown as suicides even though they are murders are concentrated.[29]

Famous femicides

"Mother, please do not die", is said by the daughter of femicide victim Emine Bulut right after she was savagely stabbed in the neck.

Some of the many famous femicide cases:

  • The Güldunya Ceremony Murder, which was committed in Istanbul in 2004, became an event that is frequently cited, the subject of theses, and called a symbol in Turkey on domestic violence, rape and honor killings. İrfan, the perpertrator, was sentenced to life imprisonment, and Ferit, the other perpertrator, was sentenced to 23 years and 4 months in prison for killing Güldunya.[30]
  • The Murder of Münevver Karabulut, which was committed on March 3, 2009, drew attention in the Turkish public and caused an outcry. The discomfort caused by the way the murder was covered in the press played a role in the emergence of the "We Will Stop Femicide Platform".
  • Esin Güneş' murder, which took place in Siirt in 2010 and emerged three years later as a case of murder, not suicide, came to the attention of the country with the long-term revealing of the truth and the search for justice. The case ended with Güven Güneş being sentenced to life imprisonment for deliberately killing his wife. This murder case and the verdict set a precedent for the prosecution of other suspicious deaths.[31]
  • The trial of Ferdane Çöl, who was killed in İzmir in 2011 by her husband, whom she wanted to divorce, ended with the aggravated life sentence of the murderer Sedat Çöl.[32]
  • The murder of Özgecan Aslan, which took place on February 11, 2015, sparked anger and demonstrations across Turkey when it came to light. The day of February 16, when many demonstrations were held across the country, was known as "Black Monday".
  • The murder of Şule Çet, which was committed in Ankara on May 29, 2018, has become a symbol of solidarity in the prevention of femicide in Turkey, as covering up was prevented during the investigation phase thanks to the objections of women.[33]
  • In the Fatma Şengül murder committed on March 30, 2019 in Istanbul, the sentence of Zeynel Akbaş, who planned and carried out the murder and presented a "high blood pressure" statement in his defense, evaded punishment and the court ruled that he acted in self defence.[34] This decision caused an outcry as it was an example of the unfair provocation reduction being used in favor of the perpetrators in femicides. The decision was overturned in the court of appeal and the accused was sentenced to life imprisonment.[35]
  • The Killing of Emine Bulut, who was stabbed to death by her ex-husband in Kırıkkale on August 18, 2019, in front of her daughter, received wide coverage in the press as she screamed "I don't want to die" in her last moments, which was spread all around social media. The brutal murder of Emine Bulut is one of the symbols of femicide in Turkey.

Organizations

Some of the organizations fighting to end femicide in Turkey are as follows:

  • We Will Stop Femicide Platform: A platform established in 2010 with the foresight that femicide may become a social problem in Turkey, with the increase in femicides in the country in 2010 and the Münevver Karabulut case coming to the attention of the Turkish people in 2010.[36]
  • Femicide Platform: Femicide Platform, in short KCP, is a platform established in 2020 by women who want to put an end to the increasing femicide.
  • Emergency Action Group Against Femicide: It is a platform established in July 2014 to demand urgent action against femicides.[37]
  • Şefkat-der: It is a Konya-based association, whose founder and chairman are men, and its members are volunteer women, and which produces works in the field of social aid with an understanding of religious-based philanthropy. The association has organized remarkable and controversial campaigns in the fight against femicide and violence against women.[38][39][40]
çekilmesi protesto edilirken, 5 Ağustos 2020, Kadıköy, İstanbul
Protesting Turkey's withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention, 5 August 2020, Kadıköy, Istanbul

Reflections

Literature

The problem of increasing femicide in Turkey has also been reflected in different genres of literature. Tomris Uyar, one of the important women's storytellers of the 1950s, is a writer who frequently deals with violence against women in his stories. The story named "Derin Kazın", which is about the murder of a prostitute called İkbal, is an example of the stories in which consists of femicide. Using post-modern narrative techniques, the author included Ikbal's murder in the newspaper news in the Sağlar story, emphasizing the sexist expressions of the murder news in the media.[41]

After 1950, poets created a new understanding of poetry by focusing on femicide and violence against women in their poems. In their poems, they stated that ignoring a woman and making her unhappy are also equivalent to death.[42] In one of the poets, Edip Cansever's poem entitled Watering the Flowers, femicide takes place in the following lines:

A woman in the Izmir bazaar

A woman in broad daylight
Who knows her night, who does not know her underclothes
Who knows her lips, who does not know how to be kissed
Having children but no children
A woman in broad daylight

Shot in three places with a pistol”-

In 2019, Hatice Meryem deals with the social background of femicides by considering socio-cultural and political foundations in her book, Where to Start Killing a Woman?. In a critique in Birikim, Onur Tüm commented on the book as "a well thought-out, perhaps the first text on femicide in Turkish literature".[43]

Elçin Poyrazlar, in her novel The Mantolu Kadın (2018), tells the story of a woman who was subjected to domestic violence by her husband and the solidarity story of a woman who was forced into an unwanted marriage at a very young age,[44] In her novel Ecel Çiçekleri (2021), she dealt with the issue of femicide by telling the story of a female commissioner investigating female murders.[45]

The protagonist of Zeynep Kaçar's novel, Alone, published in 2021, turned into a character who avenges the murdered women by pretending to commit suicide by the order of the sheikh of the cult, and mentioned the names of women who were victims of femicides committed in Turkey in the past years and caused public outrage.[46]

Contemporary Art

Femicide has been dealt with especially by female artists in Turkey and has been the subject of contemporary art creations. Here are some examples of these artists and their work:

  • In the exhibition titled "Dream and Truth", which brings together the works of 74 female artists between September 2011 and January 2012 at Istanbul Modern, İpek Duben's "Book of Love", which includes the news of femicide printed on steel records, is a reference to works that force the viewer to confront violence against women.[47]
  • Neriman Polat has produced various works that she describes as "a way of commemorating the murdered women and resisting injustice". The artist's work "Home Watch" (2013), in which she creates a hero who wants to avenge femicide and brings together different materials and narrative languages, is one of her works produced out of anger towards femicide.[48] Polat's work "Bitter Coffee", includes writing the names of women killed by men in 2012 on the glass of a coffee shop on Kumbaracı slope in Istanbul.[49][50]
  • In 2018, 440 women were killed by male violence in Turkey and women were exposed to violence and oppression in all areas of life, and 20 female artists told the stories of women who were subjected to abuse and oppression in the exhibition "Let Women Live", organized in collaboration with the We Will Stop Femicide Platform in Istanbul.[51]
  • Hanging 440 pairs of women's shoes on a building wall in Kabataş, representing the 440 women killed in 2018, is a project designed by graphic designer Vahit Tuna.[52]
  • Şükran Üstün, opened an exhibition in Trabzon in 2020 with the portraits of 3,150 women in memory of the women who were murdered in the last 11 years, is one of the artists who try to make femicide visible.[53]
  • Opened in 2020, the installation exhibition "One Thousand and Four Hundred Percent: Women, Violence and the Media" is a story about the increase in the number of women who lost their lives due to male violence in the last seven years and the justification of this violence by both justice and the media.[54]
Music
  • In 2008, 13 female artists came together to support the "Domestic Violence Emergency Hotline" and released the album "Güldunya Songs". The album takes its name from the Güldunya Ceremony Murder, where the victim was killed by her brother. The album, in which the song "Güldunya", written and composed by Aylin Aslım and performed by Sezen Aksu, was recorded for Güldunya and was released on the World's End to Violence Against Women Day. The song "Women Exist" in the album was sung in chorus by female artists, including Nazan Öncel, Aylin Aslım, Aynur Doğan, Nilüfer, Zuhal Olcay, Sezen Aksu and Rojin.[55]
  • In 2019, the song "Susamam" included two parts about women's rights.[56]
  • In 2021, the music video for the song "Imdat" by Nazan Öncel was released on the artist's YouTube account on International Women's Day. Female artists such as Nükhet Duru, Gaye Su Akyol, Demet Evgar and Songül Öden took part in the clip.[57][58]
  • In 2021, a music video was produced by Sony Music Turkey about violence towards women and femicide.[59]

References

  1. ↑ "Kadın Cinayetleri:Kavramsallaştırma ve Sorunlu Yaklaşımlar". Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Yıl: 13 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 30 Ocak-Haziran 2013. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/197897. 
  2. ↑ "Doğru tanım: Kadın cinayeti". Cumhuriyet gazetesi, 2 September 2019. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/dogru-tanim-kadin-cinayeti-1560879. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Acı bilanço: 2019'da 474 kadın öldürüldü" (in tr). Sözcü. 1 January 2020. https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/aci-bilanco-2019da-474-kadin-olduruldu-5542146/. 
  4. ↑ "Kadın cinayetleri - 2019: Türkiye'de son 10 yılda en fazla kadının öldürüldüğü yıl" (in tr). BBC. 31 December 2019. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-50956293/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Kadın Cinayetlerini Durduracağız Platformu 2020 Raporu". Kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/ sitesi 2 January 2021. http://kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/veriler/2947/kadin-cinayetlerini-durduracagiz-platformu-2020-raporu. 
  6. ↑ "İstanbul'da "Kadına Şiddet" ve "Kadın Cinayet" Vakalarına Yönelik, Nicel-Nitel Bir İncelemei". BAİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 1/Bahar, Yıl: 2019. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/679010. 
  7. ↑ "Devletin kadın cinayeti rakamları ile kadın örgütlerinin verileri arasında uçurum var". Evrensel.net, 16 November 2019. https://www.evrensel.net/haber/391033/devletin-kadin-cinayeti-rakamlari-ile-kadin-orgutlerinin-verileri-arasinda-ucurum-var. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Son 10 Yılda En Az 3 Bin Kadın Öldürüldü". Dogrulukpayi.com, 8 March 2021. https://www.dogrulukpayi.com/bulten/turkiye-de-kadin-cinayetleri. 
  9. ↑ "Soru yönergesi (34930642-610-20835)". TBMM web sitesi. https://www2.tbmm.gov.tr/d24/7/7-13861sgc.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "Bakan Soylu: 2020 yılında kadın cinayetleri yüzde 21 düştü". Milliyet gazetesi, 2 January 2021. https://www.milliyet.com.tr/siyaset/bakan-soylu-2020-yilinda-kadin-cinayetleri-yuzde-21-dustu-6395679. 
  11. ↑ "Kadın cinayetleri 2019 raporu: 474 kadın erkekler tarafından öldürüldü" (in tr). Euronews. 31 December 2019. https://tr.euronews.com/2019/12/31/kadin-cinayetleri-2019-raporu-474-kadin-erkekler-tarafindan-olduruldu/. 
  12. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç :2008". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2008. 
  13. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç :2009". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2009. 
  14. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2010". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2010. 
  15. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2011". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2011. 
  16. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç :2012". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2012. 
  17. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2013". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2013. 
  18. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2014". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2014. 
  19. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2015". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2015. 
  20. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2016". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2016. 
  21. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç :2017". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2017. 
  22. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2018". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2018. 
  23. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2019". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2019. 
  24. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç :2020". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2020. 
  25. ↑ "Kadın Cinayetlerini Durduracağız Platformu 2020 Raporu". http://kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/veriler/2947/kadin-cinayetlerini-durduracagiz-platformu-2020-raporu. 
  26. ↑ "Anıt Sayaç : 2021". http://anitsayac.com/?year=2021. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Türkiye'de Son On Yılda İşlenen Kadın Cinayetleri Üzerine: Sebep, Sonuç ve Öneriler". Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Güz 2018, Yıl 3. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/593922. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Kadın Cinayetlerini Durduracağız Platformu 2019 Raporu". Kadıncinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net. http://kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/veriler/2889/kadin-cinayetlerini-durduracagiz-platformu-2019-raporu. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "Türkiye'de Töre Baskısına Bağlı İntiharlar ve Töre Cinayetleri". Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt:1, Yıl:9, Sayı:16, 2008. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/154691. 
  30. ↑ https://m.bianet.org/english/print/71520-ai-letter-contest-commemorates-guldunya-toren [bare URL]
  31. ↑ https://m.bianet.org/english/women/145083-life-sentence-for-husband [bare URL]
  32. ↑ "Ferdane Çöl (1982-2011)". http://kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/davalarimiz/23/ferdane-col-1982-2011. 
  33. ↑ "Çet davası: Kadınların itirazı cinayeti ortaya çıkardı". Dw.cm.tr, 4 December 2019. https://www.dw.com/tr/%C3%A7et-davas%C4%B1-kad%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1n-itiraz%C4%B1-cinayeti-ortaya-%C3%A7%C4%B1kard%C4%B1/a-51536486. 
  34. ↑ "Fatma Şengül davasında sanık cinayeti tansiyon hastalığına bağladı". Doğan Haber Ajansı web sitesi. https://www.dha.com.tr/istanbul/fatma-sengul-davasi-sanik-cinayeti-tansiyon-hastaligina-bagladi/haber-1734270. 
  35. ↑ "Fatma Şengül'ün katiline verilen haksız tahrik indirimi kaldırıldı" (in tr-TR). 22 February 2021. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/fatma-sengulun-katiline-verilen-haksiz-tahrik-indirimi-kaldirildi-haber-1514085. 
  36. ↑ "Kadin Cinayetlerini Durduracağiz Platformu". Kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net. http://kadincinayetlerinidurduracagiz.net/. Retrieved 2022-09-01. 
  37. ↑ "Kadın Cinayetlerine Karşı Acil Önlem Grubu". Sosyalistfeministkollektif.org sitesi. http://www.sosyalistfeministkolektif.org/kampanyalar/parcas-olduklar-m-z/kadin-cinayetlerine-karsi-acil-onlem-grubu/. 
  38. ↑ "Morçatı ve Şefkat-Der Örneğinde Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadelede Sivil Toplumun Rolü". Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, December 2017, Sayı: 42. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/398738. 
  39. ↑ "Şefkat Der'den kadınlara 41 gün "cinsel boykot" çağrısı". DHA.com.tr, 22 April 2013. https://www.dha.com.tr/istanbul/sefkat-derden-kadinlara-41-gun-cinsel-boykot-cagrisi/haber-460024. 
  40. ↑ "Şefkat-Der: Panik Butonuyla, Kadın Cinayetleri Önlenmez". Haberler.com sitesi, 27 December 2012. 27 December 2012. https://www.haberler.com/sefkat-der-panik-butonuyla-kadin-cinayetleri-4204756-haberi/. 
  41. ↑ Gürman Şahi̇n, Asuman (13 April 2021). "Tomris Uyar'ın Hikâyelerinde Kadına Yönelik Şiddet". Korkut Ata Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi (4): 157–173. doi:10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.892373. ISSN 2687-5675. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/doi/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.892373. Retrieved 7 September 2021. 
  42. ↑ "İkinci Yeni Şiirinde Kadın Cinayetler". June 2021. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1622026. 
  43. ↑ "Bir Kadını Öldürmeye Nereden Başlamalı?". Birikim. https://birikimdergisi.com/guncel/9851/bir-kadini-oldurmeye-nereden-baslamali. 
  44. ↑ "Mantolu Kadın: Şiddet ve dayanışma". 20 December 2018. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/kitap/2018/12/20/mantolu-kadin-siddet-ve-dayanisma. 
  45. ↑ "Kadın cinayetleri ve bir feminist polisiye" (in tr). 19 February 2021. http://okumakiyigelir.com/kadin-cinayetleri-ve-bir-feminist-polisiye/. 
  46. ↑ "Bir kadındı/bir ülkeydi/kapanmazdı artık yarası: Yalnız" (in tr). 23 July 2021. https://www.literaedebiyat.com/post/zeynep-kacar-yalniz. 
  47. ↑ "Kadın Sanatçılardan Hayal ve Hakikat". Bianet, 20 September 2011. https://bianet.org/bianet/print/132827-kadin-sanatcilardan-hayal-ve-hakikat. 
  48. ↑ "Neriman Polat Mürüvvet Türkyılmaz". Depoistanbul.net sitesi. https://www.depoistanbul.net/event/neriman-polat-muruvvet-turkyilmaz/. 
  49. ↑ ""Çantanın Yükü Ne kadar Ağır Olursa Olsun Sokağa Çıkmalıyız"". Bianet, 13 January 2014. https://bianet.org/bianet/print/152771-cantanin-yuku-ne-kadar-agir-olursa-olsun-sokaga-cikmaliyiz. 
  50. ↑ "Acı Kahve". Nerimanpolat.com sitesi. http://www.nerimanpolat.com/works/2013/2013_05.htm. 
  51. ↑ "Bir dayanışma sergisi: 'Kadınlar Yaşasın Diye'". Gazete Karınca, 12 January 2019. https://gazetekarinca.com/2019/01/bir-dayanisma-sergisi-kadinlar-yasasin-diye/. 
  52. ↑ "Kadın cinayetlerine dikkat çekmek için duvarda 440 çift ayakkabı". CNNTurk, 11 September 2019. https://www.cnnturk.com/turkiye/kadin-cinayetlerine-dikkat-cekmek-icin-duvarda-440-cift-ayakkabi?page=1. 
  53. ↑ "11 yılda katledilen 3 bin 150 kadının portresini çizdi, sergi açtı". a3haber.com 5 March 2020. 5 March 2020. https://www.a3haber.com/2020/03/05/11-yilda-katledilen-3-bin-150-kadinin-portresini-cizdi-sergi-acti/. 
  54. ↑ ""Yüzde Bin Dört Yüz: Kadın, Şiddet ve Medya" Sergisi". Biamag Cumartesi, 6 June 2011. https://m.bianet.org/biamag/kadin/130538-yuzde-bin-dort-yuz-kadin-siddet-ve-medya-sergisi. 
  55. ↑ "Güldünya Şarkıları (Full Albüm) - YouTube". https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLCvbxrb2Ksn0Fp36O1HKdJsQ2_MYGMKmU. 
  56. ↑ "#SUSAMAM - YouTube". https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=L5K3IxINr7A. 
  57. ↑ "Nazan Öncel'den kadın cinayetlerine dikkat çeken şarkı: 'İmdat'" (in tr). 11 March 2021. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/nazan-oncelden-kadin-cinayetlerine-dikkat-ceken-sarki-imdat-1819791. 
  58. ↑ "Nazan Öncel - İmdat - YouTube". https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HQ1wynAcPEM. 
  59. ↑ "#BİRKEZOLSUNSESVER - YouTube". https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=KAEZDRHy_IU. 




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