Social:Antimeridianism
Antimeridianism is prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against a person or people on the basis of their distance from the prime meridian.
History
A protologism coined by Dr. Elizabeth Whitcombe of Dunedin, New Zealand, in 2021,[1] and first published by Professor John A. Crump and Dr. Tilman M. Davies of the University of Otago in 2022.[2] Based on the root word antimeridian, or the 180th meridian, antimeridianism is considered to be a form of discrimination that takes place within the wider context of colonialism.[3][4] The term refers to the consequences for those located remote to the prime meridian of the decision by predominantly western nations to locate the prime meridian at Greenwich, England, made at a conference in Washington, DC, in the United States in 1884.[5] While there are several manifestations of antimeridianism, Crump and Davies highlight the form that occurs when multiple time zone teleconferences are scheduled to the convenience of persons or groups located near the prime meridian. This results in persons remote to the prime meridian being systematically requested to participate in teleconferences during the unfavorable hours of 11pm to 5am local time. Consequences of this include the burden of inconvenience being borne more often by persons remote to the prime meridian, and under-representation of persons remote to the prime meridian, should they choose not to participate. This may be especially problematic when, for example, the persons most affected by the condition under discussion are systematically excluded due to their temporally remote location.[2] [6] The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with restrictions on face-to-face meetings[7] and dramatically increased demand for and use of teleconferences communication on a wide range of health conditions. Higher levels of international teleconference use are expected to be sustained after the pandemic.[8] While teleconferences are recognised to be inferior to face-to-face meetings for complex and ambiguous tasks involve large groups with weak ties,[9] antimeridianism provides an additional challenge to achieving adequate participation for teleconferences involving many or most time zones because of inconvenience and impacts on wellbeing[10] to those asked to participate between 11pm and 5am local time.[11]
References
- ↑ Citation needed
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Crump, John A.; Davies, Tilman M. (2022). "Towards equitable scheduling of global health teleconferences: a spatial exploration of the world’s population and health by time zone". BMJ Open 12: e056696. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056696. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/5/e056696.
- ↑ Khan, Mishal; Abimbola, Seye; Aloudat, Tammam; Capobianco, Emanuele; Hawkes, Sarah; Rahman-Shepherd, Afifah (2021). "Decolonising global health in 2021: a roadmap to move from rhetoric to reform". BMJ global health 6 (3): e005604. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005604. ISSN 2059-7908. PMID 33758016. PMC 7993212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33758016.
- ↑ Abimbola, Seye; Pai, Madhukar (2020-11-21). "Will global health survive its decolonisation?". Lancet (London, England) 396 (10263): 1627–1628. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32417-X. ISSN 1474-547X. PMID 33220735. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33220735.
- ↑ "International Conference held at Washington for the purpose of fixing a prime meridian and the universal day October 1884". Protocols of the proceedings. Washington, DC. 1884.
- ↑ Cummings, Jonathon N. (2011). "Geography is alive and well in virtual teams" (in en). Communications of the ACM 54 (8): 24–26. doi:10.1145/1978542.1978551. ISSN 0001-0782. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1978542.1978551.
- ↑ World Health Organization. (10 May 2022). "Advice for the public: coronavirus disease (COVID-19)". https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public.
- ↑ Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph (2020-10-20). "Stepping up and stepping out of COVID-19: New challenges for environmental sustainability policies in the global airline industry" (in en). Journal of Cleaner Production 271: 123000. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123000. ISSN 0959-6526. PMID 32834564. PMC 7315957. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620330456.
- ↑ Denstadli, Jon Martin; Julsrud, Tom Erik; Hjorthol, Randi Johanne (2012). "Videoconferencing as a Mode of Communication: A Comparative Study of the Use of Videoconferencing and Face-to-Face Meetings" (in en). Journal of Business and Technical Communication 26 (1): 65–91. doi:10.1177/1050651911421125. ISSN 1050-6519. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1050651911421125.
- ↑ Aschoff, J. (1965). "Circadian rhythms in man". Science (New York, N.Y.) 148 (3676): 1427–1432. doi:10.1126/science.148.3676.1427. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 14294139. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14294139.
- ↑ Morrison-Smith, Sarah; Ruiz, Jaime (2020). "Challenges and barriers in virtual teams: a literature review" (in en). SN Applied Sciences 2 (6): 1096. doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2801-5. ISSN 2523-3963. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42452-020-2801-5.
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