Religion:Textual variants in the Book of Genesis
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Short description: Differences in Book of Genesis manuscripts
Textual variants in the Book of Genesis concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Genesis.
Legend
Purported inter-relationship between significant ancient Old Testament manuscripts (some identified by their siglum).
List
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
Genesis 1
Genesis 1:1, see also In the beginning (phrase)
- בראשית, bə-rê-šîṯ, 'In [the] beginning' – MT 4QGenb (4QGeng) SP[1]
- ברשית֯, bršîṯ – 4QGenh[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[3]
- In principio, 'In [the] beginning' – VgColunga&Turrado[4]
Genesis 1:1, see also Elohim and Names of God in Judaism § Elohim
- אֱלֹהִ֑ים, 'ĕ-lō-hîm ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGenb) 4QGeng SP.[1] Grammatically speaking, the word elohim is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as Elohim, meaning "God".
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[3]
- Deus, 'God' – VgColunga&Turrado[4]
Genesis 1:1, see also Heaven in Judaism
- הַשָּׁמַיִם, haš-šā-ma-yim, 'the heavens' – MT 4QGeng SP[1]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[1] ABP[3]
- caelum, '(the) heaven' – VgColunga&Turrado[4]
Genesis 1, see also Tohu wa-bohu
- וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ, wə·hā·'ā·reṣ hā·yə·ṯāh ṯō·hū wā·ḇō·hū, 'and the earth was formless and void,' – MT (4QGenb) SP[5][6]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[5] ABP[3]
- Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, 'But the earth was lifeless and empty' – VgColunga&Turrado[4]
Genesis 1:7
- ויבדל, way·yaḇ·dêl, 'and [he] divided' – MT (4QGenb) 4QGeng SP Damascus Pent. Codex[7]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[7] ABP[3]
- divisitque, 'and [he] divided' – VgColunga&Turrado[4]
Genesis 1:7
- וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן, way·hî-ḵên., 'and it was so.' – MT 4QGenb 4QGeng SP Damascus Pent. Codex[7]
- Et factum est ita., 'And so it was done.' – VgColunga&Turrado[4]
- omitted – LXX[7] ABP[3]
Genesis 1:9
- מָקֹ֣ום, mā·qō·wm, 'place' – MT 4QGenb Damascus Pent. Codex SP.[8] The Yiddish word Mokum ("city") is derived from Makom.
- מקוה, mikvé, 'ritual bath' – 4QGen.h[8] A mikveh is a ritual bath in modern Judaism.
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP.[3] The English word "synagogue" is derived from συναγωγή.
- locum, 'place' – VgColunga&Turrado[4] The English word "location" is derived from locus.
Genesis 1:9
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[8] ABP.[3] Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.[8]
- omitted – 4QGenbg MT SP Damascus Pent. Codex[8] VgColunga&Turrado[4]
Genesis 2
Genesis 2:4, see also toledot
- אֵ֣לֶּה תֹולְדֹ֧ות, 'êl-leh ṯō-wl-ḏō-wṯ, 'These [are] the generations' – MT[9][10]
- תולדת, '[This is] the outcome' – SP Kennicott6 18 75 80 89 108 155 227 244 282[10]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] ABP[12]
- Istae sunt generationes, 'Those are (the) generations' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:4
- עֲשֹׂ֛ות יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים, 'ă-śō-wṯ Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, '[that] Yahweh the god made' – MT SP[10][9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[10] ABP[12]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11]
- quo fecit Dominus Deus, 'which (the) Lord God made' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:4
- אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם, 'e-reṣ wə-šā-mā-yim., '[the] earth and [the] heavens' – MT[10]
- שמימ וארץ, '[the] heavens and [the] earth' – SP[10]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[10] LXXSwete[11] ABP[12]
- caelum et terram, '(the) heaven and (the) earth' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:5
- יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP[14][9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[14] LXXSwete[11]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:7, see also Soul in the Bible § Genesis 2:7
- וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־ הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה, way-yî-ṣer Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm 'eṯ-hā-'ā-ḏām, 'ā-p̄ār min-hā-'ă-ḏā-māh,, 'And [the] god Yahweh formed [a/the] man [from] the dust of the ground/earth' – MT SP.[15][9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de limo terrae, 'Therefore, (the) Lord God formed the human/man with the earth's mud/clay' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:8
- יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP[16][9]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[16]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11]
- Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:8, see also Garden of Eden
- גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם, gan- bə-‘ê-ḏen miq-qe-ḏem;, 'a garden in Eden in the east'
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- paradisum voluptatis a principio, 'paradise of pleasure from the beginning' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:9
- יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים, Yah-weh 'ĕ-lō-hîm, 'Yahweh the god' – MT SP[17][9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXX[17] LXXSwete[11] ABP[12]
- Dominus Deus, '(the) Lord God' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:9
Genesis 2:13
- אֶ֥רֶץ כּֽוּשׁ׃, 'e·reṣ kūš., '[the] land of Cush. or [the] black land.' – MT[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] ABP[12]
- terram AEthiopiae., 'the land of Ethiopia.' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
- See also Cush (Bible), Rivers of Paradise, and Gihon.
Genesis 2:16, see also Adam
- עַל־הָֽאָדָ֖ם, ‘al-hā-’ā-ḏām, '(to) the man' – WLC[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[12]
- ei, 'to him' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
- Compare Genesis 2:18
Genesis 2:17, see also tree of the knowledge of good and evil
- אֲכָלְךָ֥, ’ă-ḵā-lə-ḵā, 'that you eat [qal infinitive singular]' – WLC[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- comederis, '[you] shall/should eat [future active indicative/subjunctive singular)' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:18, see also Adam
- הָֽאָדָ֖ם, hā-’ā-ḏām, 'the man' – WLC[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[12]
- hominem, '[the] man' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
- Compare Genesis 2:16
Genesis 2:18, see also Eve
- אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־, ’e-‘ĕ-śeh-, 'I will make' – WLC[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[12]
- faciamus, 'let [us] make' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:23, see also Eve
- לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה, lə-zōṯ yiq-qā-rê ’iš-šāh, 'this [one] shall be called woman' – WLC[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[12]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11]
- haec vocabitur Virago, 'she will be called [a warlike] Woman' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:23, see also Eve
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] LXXRahlfs[2] (Koine Greek spelling)
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12] (classical Greek spelling)
Genesis 2:24, see also Eve
- אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶת־אִמֹּ֑ו, ’eṯ-’ā-ḇîw wə-’eṯ- ’im-mōw, 'his father and mother' – WLC[9]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[11] LXXRahlfs[2]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[12]
- patrem suum, et matrem,, 'his father, and mother,' – VgColunga&Turrado[13]
Genesis 2:25
Genesis 3
Genesis 3:20, see also Eve
- וַיִּקְרָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם שֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתֹּ֖ו חַוָּ֑ה, way-yiq-rā hā-’ā-ḏām šêm ’iš-tōw ḥaw-wāh, 'And the man called the name of his wife Hawwah' – WLC[18]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[19]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[20]
- Et vocavit Adam nomen uxoris suae, Heva:, 'And Adam called [the] name of his wife, Heva:' – VgColunga&Turrado[21]
- Compare Genesis 4:1
Genesis 4
Genesis 4:1, see also Eve, and Cain and Abel
- וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתֹּ֑ו, wə-hā-’ā-ḏām yā-ḏa‘ ’eṯ- ḥaw-wāh ’iš-tōw, 'And the man knew Hawwah his wife' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- Adam vero cognovit uxorem suam Hevam,, 'Adam truly knew his wife Heva,' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
- Compare Genesis 3:20
Genesis 4:1
- יְהוָֽה׃, Yah-weh., 'Yahweh.' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- Deum., '(the) God.' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:9
- יְהוָֽ׃, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[24]
- Dominus, '(the) Lord' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:10
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[24]
- omitted – WLC[22] VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:12, see also Curse and mark of Cain
- נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד, nā‘ wā·nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
- Compare Genesis 4:14
Genesis 4:13, see also Curse and mark of Cain
- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּדֹ֥ול עֲוֹנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃, way-yō-mer qa-yin ’el- Yah-weh; gā-ḏō-wl ‘ă-wō-nî min-nə-śō., 'And Cain said to Yahweh: Great is my punishment to bear.' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear., 'And Cain said to (the) Lord: My iniquity is greater than that [I] deserve pardon.' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:14, see also Curse and mark of Cain
- נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד, nā‘ wā-nāḏ, 'a fugitive and a wanderer' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- vagus et profugus, 'wandering and (a) fugitive' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
- Compare Genesis 4:12
Genesis 4:15
- יְהוָ֗ה, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- Dominus, '(the) Lord' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:15, see also Curse and mark of Cain
- שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם, šiḇ-‘ā-ṯa-yim yuq-qām, 'sevenfold vengeance shall be taken [on him] or suffer sevenfold vengeance' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- The English verb "to paralyse" derives from the Greek verb παραλύω ("to loosen from the side, relax, enfeeble, weaken, disable, paralyse").
- septuplum punietur, 'shall be punished sevenfold' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:16
- יְהוָ֗ה, Yah-weh, 'Yahweh' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- Domini, 'of (the) Lord' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:16, see also Land of Nod
- בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נֹ֖וד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃, bə-’e-reṣ- nō-wḏ qiḏ-maṯ- ‘ê-ḏen., 'in [the] land (of) Nod east of Eden or [in] front [of] Eden.' – WLC[22]
- H6925 קִדְמָה qidmah can mean both "east" and "over against" or "in front of".[26]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[24]
- in terra ad orientalem plagam Eden., 'in (the) land to the eastern region (of) Eden.' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 4:18, see also Enoch (son of Cain), and Generations of Adam
- חֲנֹוךְ֙ עִירָ֔ד מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל לָֽמֶךְ׃, ḥă-nō-wḵ...‘î-rāḏ...mə-ḥū-yā-’êl...mə-ṯū-šā-’êl...lā-meḵ., 'Hanowk...Irad...Mehuyael...Methushael...Lamek.' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- Henoch...Irad...Maviael...Mathusael...Lamech – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
- Compare Genesis 5:6–26
Genesis 4:20
- וּמִקְנֶֽה׃, ū-miq-neh., 'and [raise] livestock.' – WLC[22]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[23] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[24]
- atque pastorum., 'and of (the) shepherds.' – VgColunga&Turrado[25]
Genesis 5
Genesis 5:1, see also Generations of Adam and Toledot
- זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תֹּולְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם, zeh sê-p̄er tō-wl-ḏōṯ ’ā-ḏām, 'This [is] the book of the generations/genealogy (of) man or Adam' – WLC[27]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[28] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[29]
- Hic est liber generationis Adam., 'This is [the] book of [the] generation/offspring (of) Adam.' – VgColunga&Turrado[30]
Genesis 5:2
- בְּרֹ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אָדָ֔ם, bə-rō ’ĕ-lō-hîm ’ā-ḏām, '(the) god(s) created (the) man or Adam' – WLC[27]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[28] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[29]
- creavit Deus hominem,, 'God made (the) man or human (being)' – VgColunga&Turrado[30]
Genesis 5:6–26, see also Generations of Adam
- אֱנֽוֹשׁ...קֵינָֽן...מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽל...יָֽרֶד...חֲנֽוֹךְ...מְתוּשָֽׁלַח...לָֽמֶךְ, ’ĕ-nō-wōš...qê-nān...ma-hă-lal-’êl...yā-reḏ...ḥă-nō-wḵ...mə-ṯū-šā-laḥ...lā-meḵ, 'Enowosh...Qenan...Mahalalel...Yared...Hanowk...Methushalah...Lamek' – WLC[27]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[28] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[29]
- Enos...Cainan...Malaleel...Jared...Henoch...Mathusalam...Lamech – VgColunga&Turrado[30]
- Compare Genesis 4:18
Genesis 6
Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative
- וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם, way-yin-nā-ḥem Yah-weh kî- ‘ā-śāh ’eṯ- hā-’ā-ḏām, 'and Yahweh regretted that [he] had made (the) man' – WLC[31]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[32] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[33]
- poenituit eum quod hominum fecisset, 'he regretted which/because/that/what [he] had made of men/humans' – VgColunga&Turrado[34]
Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative
- וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבֹּֽו׃, way-yiṯ-‘aṣ-ṣêḇ ’el- lib-bōw., 'and [he] was grieved in his heart.' – WLC[31]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[32] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[33]
- Et tactus dolore cordis intrinsecus,, 'And touched by [the] inner pain of [the] heart' – VgColunga&Turrado[34]
Genesis 6:7, see also Genesis flood narrative
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶמְחֶ֨ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם, way-yō-mer Yah-weh ’em-ḥeh ’eṯ- hā-’ā-ḏām, 'and/so Yahweh said: I will destroy (the) man' – WLC[31]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[32] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[33]
- Delebo, inquit, hominem,, '[I] will destroy, [he] said, [the] man,' – VgColunga&Turrado[34]
Genesis 6:14, see also Noah's Ark
- עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר, ‘ă-śêh lə-ḵā tê-ḇaṯ ‘ă-ṣê- ḡō-p̄er,, 'Make for yourself [a] box/basket of gopher wood' – WLC[31]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[32] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[33]
- Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis;, 'Make for yourself [a] chest/box of polished wood;' – VgColunga&Turrado[34]
- In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 גֹ֔פֶר gopher is a hapax legomenon.
Genesis 9
Genesis 9:20, see also Curse of Ham
- אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה, ’îš hā-’ă-ḏā-māh, '[a] man of the land/ground/earth/soil' – WLC[35]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[36] LXXRahlfs[2] ABP[37]
- vir agricola exercere terram, '[a] farmer-man to work at [the] land/earth/soil or [a] man working as [a] farmer on [the] land/earth/soil' – VgColunga&Turrado[38]
Genesis 15
Genesis 15:17
- וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ, wa-‘ă-lā-ṭāh hā-yāh; wə-hin-nêh ṯan-nūr 'ā-šān wə-lap-pîḏ 'êš,, 'and it became dark, behold a firepot/oven smoking and a torch burning' – WLC[39]
- Ancient Greek: LXXSwete[40] Brenton[41] ABP[42]
- facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis, 'a dark fog happened, and a smoking furnace appeared, and lamps of fire' – VgColunga&Turrado[43]
Genesis 34
Genesis 34:2
- חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י, ḥă-mō-wr ha-ḥiw-wî, 'Hamor the Hivite' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: – A[45] LXXSwete[46]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- Hemor Hevaei, 'Hemor of the Hevea' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:2, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis
- וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃, way-yiq-qaḥ ’ō-ṯāh way-yiš-kaḇ ’ō-ṯāh way-‘an-ne-hā., 'and he took her, and he laid her, and he raped her.[49]' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: LXXSwete[46] Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem., '[he] fell in love with her: and [he] abducted [her], and slept with her, attacking/subduing/oppressing [the] virgin by force.' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:3, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis
- וַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשֹׁ֔ו בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃, wat-tiḏ-baq nap̄-šōw bə-ḏî-nāh baṯ- ya-‘ă-qōḇ; way-ye-’ĕ-haḇ ’eṯ- han-na-‘ă-rā, way-ḏab-bêr ‘al- lêḇ han-na-‘ă-rā., 'And he stayed with/kept Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he lusted after the young woman, and he tried to quiet the young woman.[49]' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: LXXSwete[46]
- Ancient Greek: Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis., 'And his soul was glued to her, and [he] soothed [the] sad one with blandishments.' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:3 (twice)
- הנער, han-na-‘ar, 'the young man' [H5288] – MT[50]
- הנערה, han-na-‘ă-rā,, 'the young woman' [H5291] – SP[50]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[46] Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- omitted – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:3
- על, ‘al-, 'to' [H5921] – MT[50]
- אל, el, 'towards' [H413] – SP[50]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[46] Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- omitted – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:7, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
- וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃, wə-ḵên lō yê-‘ā-śeh., 'and such [a thing] should not be done' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: LXXSwete[46] Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- rem illicitam perpetrasset., '[he] had perpetrated/committed [an] illicit/unlawful act.' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:9, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
- תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃, tiq-ḥū lā-ḵem., 'take to/for yourselves.' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[46] Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- accipite,, 'accept,' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:11
- אֶתֵּֽן׃, ’et-tên., 'I will give.' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[46]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- dabo, '[I] will give' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:14
- וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם, way-yō-mə-rū ’ă-lê-hem,, 'And they said to them' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[46]
- Ancient Greek: – Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- omitted – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 34:14, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis
- לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֣ו עָרְלָ֑ה, lə-’îš ’ă-šer- lōw ‘ā-rə-lāh;, 'to an uncircumcised man' – WLC[44]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[46] Brenton[45] ABP[47]
- homini incircumciso, 'to an uncircumcised man' – VgColunga&Turrado[48]
Genesis 49
Genesis 49:4
- כִּ֥י עָלִ֖יתָ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ, kî 'ā-lî-ṯā miš-kə-ḇê 'ā-ḇî-ḵā;, 'because you went up on the beds of [your] father'[51]) – WLC[52]
- Ancient Greek: – LXXSwete[53]
- Ancient Greek: – ABP[54]
- quia ascendisti cubile patris tui – VgClement[55] VgColunga&Turrado[56]
- Compare Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13.[51] See also Bilhah and Reuben (son of Jacob).
See also
- List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 1:1" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%201:1.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 Rahlfs 1935, Γένεσις.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot Genesis 1". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/1.htm.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 1 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+1&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 1:2" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%201:2.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 1 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/1.htm.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 1:7" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%201:7.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 1:9" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%201:9.
- ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 2 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/2.htm.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 2:4" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%202:4.
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 "Genesis 2 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/2.htm.
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 2 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/2.htm.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 2 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+2&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 2:5" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%202:5.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 2:7" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%202:7.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 2:8" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%202:8.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 2:9" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%202:9.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 3 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/3.htm.
- ↑ "Genesis 3 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/3.htm.
- ↑ Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 3 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/3.htm.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 3 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+3&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 4 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/4.htm.
- ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 "Genesis 4 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/4.htm.
- ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 4 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/4.htm.
- ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 4 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+4&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ "Strong's Hebrew: 6926. קִדְמַת (qidmah) -- front, east". biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/hebrew/6926.htm.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 5 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/5.htm.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "Genesis 5 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/5.htm.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 5 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/5.htm.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 5 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+5&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 6 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/6.htm.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 "Genesis 6 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/6.htm.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 6 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/6.htm.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 6 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+6&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 9 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/9.htm.
- ↑ "Genesis 9 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/9.htm.
- ↑ Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 9 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/9.htm.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 9 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+9&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 15 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/15.htm.
- ↑ "Genesis 15 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/15.htm.
- ↑ Brenton 1879, p. 33.
- ↑ Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 15 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/15.htm.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 15 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+15&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 44.6 44.7 Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 34 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/34.htm.
- ↑ 45.00 45.01 45.02 45.03 45.04 45.05 45.06 45.07 45.08 45.09 45.10 Brenton 1879, p. 61.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 46.7 46.8 46.9 "Genesis 34 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/34.htm.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 47.6 47.7 47.8 47.9 Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 34 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/34.htm.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 48.7 48.8 48.9 Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 34 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+34&version=VULGATE;NIV.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 Scholz 2021, p. 49–56.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 J.P. van de Giessen (2003). "Genesis 34:3" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/biblevers?Genesis%2034:3.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Wells 2020, p. 139.
- ↑ Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Genesis 49 Interlinear Bible". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/49.htm.
- ↑ "Genesis 49 Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. 1930. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/49.htm.
- ↑ Charles Van der Pool (1996). "Genesis 49 Apostolic Bible Polyglot". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/49.htm.
- ↑ "Genesis 49 Vulgata Clementina". Biblehub.com. 1592. https://biblehub.com/vul/genesis/49.htm.
- ↑ Colunga & Turrado, ed (1946). "Genesis 49:4 VULGATE;NIV - Effusus es sicut aqua, non crescas: - Bible Gateway". biblegateway.com. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=genesis+49%3A4&version=VULGATE;NIV.
Bibliography
- Biblos.com & Helps Ministries (2011–2018). "Interlinear Bible (Westminster Leningrad Codex – English)". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/genesis/1.htm.
- Brenton, Lancelot Charles Lee (1851). "Brenton's Septuagint Translation". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sep/genesis/1.htm.
- Brenton, Lancelot Charles Lee (1879). The Septuagint version of the OT, with an English translation. London: Samuel Bagster. pp. 1156. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/The_Septuagint_version_of_the_OT%2C_with_an_English_translation_%281879%29.pdf. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- Rahlfs, Alfred (1935). "Γένεσις (Genesis Rahlfs)" (in el). Alfred Rahlfs' edition of the Septuagint. Greek Wikisource. https://el.wikisource.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82_(Rahlfs).
- Scholz, Susanne (2021). Sacred Witness. Rape in the Hebrew Bible. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781506482033. https://www.bol.com/nl/p/sacred-witness/9300000031495453/. (E-book edition)
- Swete, Henry Barclay (1930). "Swete's Septuagint". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/sepd/genesis/1.htm.
- Emanuel Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research (TCU), 1981 (1st edition), 1997 (2nd edition), 2015 (3rd edition).
- Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible (TCHB), 1992 (1st edition), 2001 (2nd edition), 2012 (3rd edition).
- Emanuel Tov, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Writings, Volume 3 (2015).
- Tov, Emanuel (1999). "38. The Septuagint Additions (‘Miscellanies’) in 1 Kings 2 (3 Reigns 2)". The Greek and Hebrew Bible: Collected Essays on the Septuagint. Vetus Testamentum Supplements. 72. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004275973_039. ISBN 9789004275973. https://brill.com/view/book/9789004275973/B9789004275973-s039.xml.
- van de Giessen, J. P. (2003). "Index Bijbelverzen" (in nl). bijbelaantekeningen.nl. http://www.bijbelaantekeningen.nl/files/page?1000.
- Van der Pool, Charles (1996). "Apostolic Bible Polyglot (ABP)". Biblehub.com. https://biblehub.com/interlinear/apostolic/genesis/1.htm.
- Wells, Bruce (2020). "On the Beds of a Woman: The Leviticus Texts on Same-Sex Relations Reconsidered". Sexuality and Law in the Torah. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 123–158. ISBN 9780567681607. https://www.academia.edu/42810771. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
External links
- Digitized Hebrew and Greek Manuscripts: Access and Issues – Introduction to online biblical textual studies
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