Place:Outline of Australia
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Short description: Continent and country
Flag of Australia
Coat of arms of Australia
.svg)
Location of Australia
This outline of Australia is an overview of and topical guide to various aspects of the country of Australia.
Australia refers to both the continent of Australia and to the Commonwealth of Australia, the sovereign country.
The continent of Australia, the world's smallest continent, is in the Southern Hemisphere and borders both the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
The Commonwealth of Australia comprises the mainland of the Australian continent, the major island of Tasmania, other nearby islands, and various external territories.[1]
Neighbouring countries are Indonesia, East Timor, and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east.
The Australian mainland has been inhabited for at least 50,000 years by Aboriginal Australians.[2] After sporadic visits by fishermen from the north and then European discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606,[3] the eastern half of Australia was later claimed by the British in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation as part of the colony of New South Wales, commencing on 26 January 1788. As the population grew and new areas were explored, another five largely self-governing Crown colonies were established during the 19th century.
General reference
An enlargeable basic map of Australia
- Pronunciation: /əˈstreɪliə, ɒ-/ (
listen) - Common English country name: Australia
- Official English country name: The Commonwealth of Australia
- Common endonym(s): Land Down Under
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Australian
- Demonym(s): Australian, Aussie (Colloquially)
- Etymology: Name of Australia
- International rankings of Australia
- ISO country codes: AU, AUS, 036
- ISO region codes: See AU
- Internet country code top-level domain: .au
Geography
An enlargeable topographic map of Australia
Climatic zones in Australia, based on Köppen classification.
Geography of Australia
- Australia is...
- a continent
- a country
- a nation state
- a Commonwealth realm
- a megadiverse country
- Location:
- Australia is a region or subregion of:
- Australia lies between:
- Indian Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Southern Ocean by some reckonings
- Time zones:
- Australian Eastern Standard Time (EST) (UTC+10), Australian Eastern Summer Time (EDT) (UTC+11)
- Australian Central Standard Time (CST) (30), Australian Central Summer Time (CDT) (30),
- Australian Western Standard Time (WST) (UTC+08)
- Extreme points of Australia (mainland)
- Northernmost Point – Cape York, Queensland (10°41' S)
- Southernmost Point – South Point, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria (39°08' S)
- Westernmost Point – Steep Point, Western Australia (113°09' E)
- Easternmost Point – Cape Byron, New South Wales (153°38' E)
- Highest Point – Mount Kosciuszko 2,228 m (7,310 ft)
- Lowest Point – Lake Eyre −15 m (−49 ft)
- Land boundaries: none
- Coastline: 25,760 km
- Population of Australia: 25,694,393 people [4] (December 2020) – 53rd most populous country
- Area of Australia: 7,741,220 km2 (2,988,900 sq mi) – 6th largest country
- Atlas of Australia
- Surveying in Australia
Environment
An enlargeable satellite image of Australia
Environment of Australia
- Climate of Australia
- Bushfires in Australia
- Climate change in Australia
- Effects of global warming on Australia
- Ecoregions of Australia
- Environmental issues in Australia
- Renewable energy in Australia
- Geothermal power in Australia
- Solar power in Australia
- Wind power in Australia
- Geology of Australia
- National parks of Australia
- Protected areas of Australia
- Wildlife of Australia
- Flora of Australia
- Fauna of Australia
- Birds of Australia
- Mammals of Australia
- Iconic wildlife of Australia
A koala.
A kangaroo.
The Saltwater crocodile is the largest species of crocodile in the world.
An emu.
Frill-necked lizard.
.jpg)
Geographic features
- Islands of Australia
- Lakes of Australia
- Mountains of Australia
- Volcanoes in Australia
- Rivers of Australia
- Valleys of Australia
- Waterfalls of Australia
- World Heritage Sites in Australia
Regions
- Ecoregions in Australia
Multi-state regions
- Barkly Tableland
- Capital Country
- Eastern states of Australia
- East Coast of Australia
- Lake Eyre basin
- Murray–Darling basin
- Northern Australia
- The Nullarbor
- Outback
- Southern Australia
Administrative divisions
States and territories of Australia
States
New South Wales
Victoria
Queensland
Western Australia
South Australia
Tasmania
Territories
Mainland territories
Australian Capital Territory
Northern Territory
Jervis Bay Territory
External territories
- Ashmore and Cartier Islands
- Australian Antarctic Territory
Norfolk Island
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands- Coral Sea Islands Territory
- Heard and McDonald Islands
_Islands.svg){kind=small}
Municipalities
Local government in Australia
- Cities of Australia
Demography
Demographics of Australia
| State/territory | Land area (km2) | Rank | Population (2012)[4] | Rank | Population density (/km2) | Rank | % of population in capital | Rank |
 New South Wales
|
800,642 | 5th | 7,348,900 | 1st | 9.18 | 3rd | 63.5% | 5th |
.svg){kind=small} Victoria
|
227,416 | 6th | 5,679,600 | 2nd | 24.97 | 2nd | 74.8% | 4th |
 Queensland
|
1,730,648 | 2nd | 4,610,900 | 3rd | 2.66 | 5th | 47.5% | 7th |
 Western Australia
|
2,529,875 | 1st | 2,472,700 | 4th | 0.98 | 7th | 76.7% | 3rd |
 South Australia
|
983,482 | 4th | 1,662,200 | 5th | 1.69 | 6th | 76.8% | 2nd |
 Tasmania
|
68,401 | 7th | 512,400 | 6th | 7.49 | 4th | 42.3% | 8th |
 Australian Capital Territory
|
2,358 | 8th | 379,600 | 7th | 160.98 | 1st | 98.7% | 1st |
 Northern Territory
|
1,349,129 | 3rd | 236,900 | 8th | 0.18 | 8th | 55.6% | 6th |
Government and politics
- Form of government: Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- Capital of Australia: Canberra
- Elections in Australia
- 1901 – 1972 – 1974 – 1975 – 1977 – 1980 – 1983 – 1984 – 1987 – 1990 – 1993 – 1996 – 1998 – 2001 – 2004 – 2007 – 2010 – 2013 – 2016 – 2019 – 2022
- Australian electoral system
- Compulsory voting
- Preferential voting
- Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives
- Human rights in Australia
- Political parties in Australia
- Liberal Party of Australia
- Australian Labor Party
- National Party of Australia
- Australian Democrats
- Australian Greens
- Political scandals of Australia
- Republicanism in Australia
- Taxation in Australia
Federal government
Government of Australia
Branches of the government
Separation of powers in Australia
Executive branch
- Head of state: King of Australia (King Charles III)
- Head of state's representative: Governor-General (David Hurley)
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Australia (Anthony Albanese)
- Cabinet
- Federal Executive Council
Legislative branch
- Parliament of Australia
- Australian monarch
- Australian Senate
- Australian House of Representatives
- Opposition Leader (currently: Peter Dutton)
Judicial branch
Judiciary of Australia
- High Court of Australia
- Australian court hierarchy
- Constitution of Australia
Military
Australian Defence Force (ADF)
- Command
- Commander-in-chief: Governor-General as the King's representative.
- Minister for Defence of Australia (Richard Marles)
- Commander-in-chief: Governor-General as the King's representative.
- Forces
- Army of Australia: Australian Army
- Navy of Australia: Royal Australian Navy
- Air force of Australia: Royal Australian Air Force
- Special forces of Australia
- Military history of Australia
- Australian Defence Force ranks
Foreign relations
- ANZUS
- Australia–United States relations
- Australia–New Zealand relations
- Australia–Indonesia relations
- Australia–China relations
- Australia–Japan relations
- Anglo-Australian relations
- Australia and the United Nations
International organisation membership
The Commonwealth of Australia is a member of the:[1]
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Law and order
Law of Australia
- Citizenship
- Cannabis in Australia
- Constitution of Australia
- Crime in Australia
- Law enforcement in Australia
- National law enforcement agencies
- Australian Border Force (ABF)
- Australian Federal Police (AFP)
- Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC)
- Australian Crime Commission (ACC)
- Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC)
- Australian Taxation Office (ATO)
- Regional law enforcement agencies – the following policing agencies are regulated by their respective State or Territory Government and are highly visible:
- Australian Capital Territory Police
- New South Wales Police Force
- Northern Territory Police
- Queensland Police Service
- South Australia Police
- Tasmania Police
- Victoria Police
- Western Australia Police
- National law enforcement agencies
State and territory governments
- Governors of the Australian states
- Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
- Premiers of the Australian states
- Government of New South Wales
- Government of Queensland
- Government of South Australia
- Government of Tasmania
- Government of Victoria
- Government of Western Australia
- Government of the Australian Capital Territory
- Government of the Northern Territory
Local government
Local government in Australia
- Local government in Australia
History
- Prehistory of Australia
- Australian archaeology
- European exploration of Australia
- History of Australia (1788–1850)
- History of Australia (1851–1900)
- History of Australia (1901–1945)
- Australian Federation
- Australia in World War I
- Australia in World War II
- Stolen Generations
- History of Australia since 1945
- Constitutional history of Australia
- Immigration history of Australia
- Postage stamps and postal history of Australia
History of states
- History of New South Wales
- History of Queensland
- History of South Australia
- History of Tasmania
- History of Victoria
- History of Western Australia
Culture
Culture of Australia
- Architecture of Australia
- Architecture of Western Australia
- Australian architectural styles
- Australian art
- Indigenous Australian art
- Cinema of Australia
- Australian cuisine
- Dance in Australia
- Festivals in Australia
- Australian folklore
- Humour in Australia
- Languages of Australia
- Australian Aboriginal languages
- Australian Aboriginal English
- Australian English
- Australian literature
- Media of Australia
- Television in Australia
- Cinema of Australia
- Music of Australia
- Australian music charts
- Australian country music
- Australian hip hop
- Australian jazz
- Australian rock
- Indigenous Australian music
- Music of immigrant communities in Australia
- National symbols of Australia
- Coat of arms of Australia
- Flag of Australia
- National anthems:
- Official national anthem: Advance Australia Fair
- Royal anthem: God Save the King
- People of Australia
- Australian diaspora
- Australian of the Year
- Prostitution in Australia
- Public holidays in Australia
- World Heritage Sites in Australia
- Theatre of Australia
Economy and infrastructure
Economy of Australia
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 14th (fourteenth)
- Agriculture in Australia
- Telecommunications in Australia
- Internet in Australia
- Reserve Bank of Australia
- List of pizzerias in Australia
- List of restaurant chains in Australia
- Currency of Australia: Dollar
- Economic history of Australia
- Energy in Australia
- Energy in Australia
- Energy policy of Australia
- Effects of global warming on Australia
- Garnaut Climate Change Review
- Coal in Australia
- Carbon capture and storage in Australia
- Geothermal power in Australia
- Solar power in Australia
- Wind power in Australia
- Health care in Australia
- Median household income in Australia and New Zealand
- Mining in Australia
- Coal mining in Australia
- Australian Securities Exchange
- Tourism in Australia
- Visa policy of Australia
- Transport in Australia
- Airports in Australia
- Rail transport in Australia
- Road transport in Australia
- Tunnels in Australia
- Water supply and sanitation in Australia
State economies
- Economy of New South Wales
- Economy of Queensland
- Economy of South Australia
- Economy of Tasmania
- Economy of Victoria
- Economy of Western Australia
Education
- Homeschooling and distance education in Australia
- Public and private education in Australia
- Universities in Australia
- Group of Eight
States education
- Education in New South Wales
- Education in Queensland
- Education in South Australia
- Education in Tasmania
- Education in Victoria
- Education in Western Australia
- Education in the Australian Capital Territory
Religion and belief systems in Australia
- Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
- Irreligion in Australia
- Religion in Australia
- Buddhism in Australia
- Christianity in Australia
- Catholicism in Australia
- Protestantism in Australia
- Hinduism in Australia
- Islam in Australia
- Judaism in Australia
- History of the Jews in Australia
- Sikhism in Australia
Sport
Sport in Australia
- Australia at the Olympics
- Australia at the Commonwealth Games
- Football in Australia
- Soccer in Australia
- Australian rules football in Australia
- Rugby union in Australia
- Rugby league in Australia
- Cricket in Australia
- Golf in Australia
- Field hockey in Australia
- Motorsport in Australia
- Tennis in Australia
- Basketball in Australia
- Netball in Australia
- Swimming in Australia
- Swimming Australia
- List of Australian records in swimming
- Women's swimming in Australia
- Skiing in Australia
- Australian horse racing
- Winter sport in Australia
See also
- All pages with titles containing Australia
- All pages with titles containing Australian
- Index of Australia-related articles
- List of Australia-related topics
- List of articles about Australia and New Zealand jointly
- Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations
- Members states of the Group of Twenty
- Member states of the United Nations
- Outline of geography
- Outline of Oceania
- List of place names of Dutch origin
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Australia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2 July 2009. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/australia/.
- ↑ Both Australian Aborigines and Europeans Rooted in Africa – 50,000 years ago
- ↑ MacKnight, CC (1976).The Voyage to Marege: Macassan Trepangers in Northern Australia. Melbourne University Press
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Australian Demographic Statistics December 2020". http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0.
External links
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