Organization:Westmont College

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Short description: Private Christian college in Montecito, California, U.S.
Westmont College
Westmont College logo.jpg
Former names
Bible Missionary Institute (1937–1939)
Western Bible College (1939–1940)
MottoChristus Primatum Tenens (Latin)
Motto in English
Christ Holding Preeminence
TypePrivate liberal arts college
EstablishedOctober 29, 1937; 86 years ago (October 29, 1937)
Religious affiliation
Christian
Academic affiliations
Christian College Consortium
Endowment$78.9 million (2019)[1]
PresidentGayle Beebe
ProvostKimberly Battle-Walters Denu
Academic staff
96[2]
Administrative staff
306[2]
Undergraduates1,313[3]
Location
Montecito
,
California
,
United States

[ ⚑ ] : 34°26′59″N 119°39′34″W / 34.4497888°N 119.6593305°W / 34.4497888; -119.6593305
CampusSuburban, 111 acres (45 ha)
|u}}rsMaroon, Gold & White               
NicknameWarriors
Sporting affiliations
NAIA – GSAC (primary)
NAIA – PCSC (swimming)
MascotWarrior
Websitewww.westmont.edu

Westmont College is a private Christian liberal arts college in Montecito, California.[4] It was founded in 1937.

History

Ruth Kerr, owner and CEO of the Kerr Glass Manufacturing Company, established the school as the Bible Missionary Institute in 1937 on the former Westlake School for Girls campus near Downtown Los Angeles.[5] It was renamed the Western Bible College in 1939. During these early years, Kerr and the other founders decided that a liberal arts curriculum was the best direction for the school. In 1940 Dr. Wallace Emerson, the first president, renamed the school Westmont College, derived from a college in the west and in the mountains.[6] He envisioned a Christian liberal arts college that would take its place among the best in the nation.

By 1944, Westmont College had outgrown its facilities in Los Angeles. After a failed attempt to move the campus to Altadena in early 1945, the desperate search for a new campus led Mrs. Kerr and the trustees to "El Tejado", the former 125-acre (51 ha) Dwight Murphy estate in Montecito. Westmont purchased this property and moved to the Santa Barbara area in the fall of 1945.

Set in the foothills of the Santa Ynez Mountains, Westmont's wooded and scenic acres provide an environment for a residential college. The campus includes buildings and land from two former estates and the historic Deane School for Boys. The grounds still feature the pathways, stone bridges, and garden atmosphere typical of Montecito, a suburb of Santa Barbara.

While Westmont has sought to preserve and use the original structures, it has also built new facilities, including Voskuyl Library, the restored Westmont Art Center, the A. Nelson Science Building, the Murchison Gymnasium Complex, and the Ruth Kerr Memorial Student Center. In 2008 Westmont broke ground for the construction of the Winter Hall for Science and Mathematics and the Adams Center for the Visual Arts.

In 2006, Westmont received a gift pledge of $75 million from an anonymous donor, the second largest gift ever to a national liberal arts college at the time.[7][8] In September 2009 Westmont was informed that the donor withdrew the pledged $75 million gift, which caused the college to put off construction of two new buildings.[9]

Wildfires

Westmont is located in a high fire area with limited access via narrow winding roads. Campus buildings were burned in fires in 1964, 1977, and 2008, and the campus has been threatened or partially damaged by fires on multiple other occasions.[10] The campus is routinely used as a staging area for firefighters when fires threaten the Montecito area. As a condition of approval of their Master Plan, Westmont agreed to a controversial "shelter in place" plan, also called "stay and defend" procedure, in case of a wildfire.[11][12] The college has a comprehensive wildfire response plan in place.[13]

Coyote Fire of 1964

The Coyote Fire began on September 22, 1964, in a canyon near Westmont's campus. The fire burned 75,000 acres and over 100 homes. Catherwood Hall, a men's dorm on the Westmont campus, was destroyed.[14]

Sycamore Canyon Fire of 1977

The Sycamore Canyon Fire began on July 26, 1977, when a kite blew into power lines. Nearly 200 homes were burned, including several homes of Westmont employees, as well as 40 acres of undeveloped college property and part of an athletic field.[14]

Tea Fire of 2008

On November 13, 2008, the steep and wooded Westmont campus was heavily damaged in the Tea Fire, which started in the hills near Montecito. No injuries were reported on the campus.[15][16] Numerous structures on the campus, including the Physics Lab, Psychology Building, Math Building, and 15 faculty homes were destroyed.[17] The Clark residence hall was severely damaged.[18] The Quonset Huts were also destroyed. Much of the campus's landscaping, consisting of oaks, eucalyptus trees and semi-arid vegetation, was burned.

Flames were spotted above upper campus around 5:30 p.m. on November 13. Students were led to Murchison Gymnasium, where they remained until the situation outside was safe. Doors and openings were sealed with masking tape to prevent smoke entry and a ventilation system was activated. The American Red Cross provided blankets and pillows to the hundreds of Westmont students, neighbors, and Preview/Visiting students. In the early morning after the immediate danger had passed, students were allowed to access their cars in certain parking lots and leave the campus. Others remained in the gymnasium until they found a ride off campus. Friends, family, local churches, and other sources provided temporary housing to refugees.

Classes resumed December 1 with the semester ending, as originally planned, on December 19, 2008.

Thomas Fire of 2017

The Westmont campus was evacuated in December 2017 due to the Thomas Fire. The last week of classes for the semester was cancelled, and final exams were administered as take-home exams. The campus was defended by a volunteer fire brigade, and it became one of the headquarters for CAL FIRE firefighting efforts.[17][19] No campus buildings were destroyed, and students returned to start the spring semester as scheduled on January 8, 2018, only to evacuate again on January 10 because of the threat of mudslides following the fire.[20] The combined risk of fire and mudslide led to a record five evacuations of campus during the 2017–2018 school year, but the campus ultimately suffered minimal damage.[21]

Campus

Westmont College is located a few miles off of U.S. Route 101 just to the east of Santa Barbara. The city of Santa Barbara is on the central California coast and is 100 miles northwest of Los Angeles and 330 miles south of San Francisco .

The campus itself resides in the hills of Montecito and features 110 acres (45 ha) of hills, gardens, and trees. A small creek runs through the campus, often dry during summer and autumn months and typically full during the rainy spring months. It has even flooded campus buildings in El Niño years.

The campus has six on-campus dorms and one off-campus residence hall.[22] The two freshman dorms are Page Hall and Clark Hall, which are located at the upper corners of campus. Armington Hall, housing the largest number of students on campus, is at the lowest point on campus.[23] Emerson Hall (formerly known as New Dorm and Everest), is at the top of campus and has ocean views in many of its rooms. Emerson Hall houses first-year students, transfer students, and second-year students.[24] Van Kampen Hall is located in the center of the campus and was renovated and modernized in the summer of 2006. The Global Leadership Center is Westmont's newest residence hall, consisting of three separate buildings, North and South residence halls and the center, which includes a classroom, seminar room, lounge, offices, and a coffee shop.[25] Some upperclass students live in the Ocean View Apartments, a college-owned apartment building on the east side of Santa Barbara located three miles from campus.[26]

Academics

Westmont was ranked 108th in the U.S. News & World Report "America's Best Colleges 2019" list of liberal arts colleges.[27] In 2016 Forbes ranked Westmont No. 236 out of the 660 best private and public colleges and universities in America.[28] The Templeton Foundation has recognized Westmont as one of the nation's top 100 colleges committed to character development.[29]

University rankings
National
Forbes[30] 236
Washington Monthly[31] 170
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[32] 108

Westmont offers 26 majors and has a student/faculty ratio of 12 to 1 with 96 percent of tenured and tenure-track faculty having earned terminal degrees.[33] The average class size is 18 students.[34] The students come from 25 states, 11 countries, and 33 Christian denominations. The four-year graduation rate is 87 percent.

Off-campus programs

Off-campus programs are an important part of the Westmont experience with over 60 percent of students participating in a program at some point in their studies. Westmont offers a number of off-campus programs. These programs are run with a faculty member and include the Europe semester, England Semester, Westmont in Mexico, Westmont in Istanbul, and the San Francisco Urban program. Some students choose to participate in semester exchanges at one of the colleges in the Christian College Consortium, such as Gordon College, Houghton College, Seattle Pacific University, and Wheaton College (IL). Additionally, many students participate in other qualifying programs, including semesters in New Zealand, Belize, Washington DC, Chile, Italy, France, and Lithuania. Students receive transferable credit while they live and study abroad in these different programs. Some students work in internships while they are off campus, and many choose Washington DC or the San Francisco Urban program for this purpose.

Student life

LGBT prohibition

Westmont student policy forbids gay marriage and all sex or intimacy outside of heterosexual marriage.[35] Students must agree to avoid "homosexual practice" which has at times been understood to forbid not only same-sex sexual activity and relationships but also coming out of the closet.[36][37] Alumni have reported to outside media organizations they feared expulsion if their sexuality was discovered.[38]

There is an "official-unofficial" group for LGBT students called Gradient. The group meets in secret to maintain confidentiality.[39]

Spring Sing

Westmont hosts a popular annual student event Spring Sing, which in past years has been held at the Santa Barbara County Bowl or UC Santa Barbara auditorium. This event is a competition between the dorms with eight-minute musical comedy skits.

The skits incorporate an average of four or five clips of popular songs with altered original lyrics and original choreography. The lyrics are usually changed to reflect a humorous progression of the skit's main story. The dorm that wins has bragging rights for the next year.

Past sweepstakes winners have been Van Kampen Hall Women (2013), Page Men (2012), Van Kampen Hall Men (2011) and Armington Hall Men (2010).

Potter's Clay

Potter's Clay is a popular ministry program that occurs every year in Ensenada, Mexico, during Westmont's spring break. Students interact with the local population and churches to help with construction, Vacation Bible School, and medical work.

Media

Spark Radio is the official radio station of the college.


The Horizon is the on campus student led Newspaper.[40] [41]

Athletics

The Westmont athletic teams are called the Warriors. The college is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Golden State Athletic Conference (GSAC) for most of its sports since the 1986–87 academic year; while its women's swimming team competes in the Pacific Collegiate Swim and Dive Conference (PCSC).

Westmont competes in 15 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming, tennis, track & field and volleyball.

Move to NCAA Division II

On July 14, 2022, Westmont College has been notified by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) that it has been accepted into the multi-year membership process for Division II, while subsequently joining the Pacific West Conference (PacWest), effective beginning the 2023–24 academic year.[42]

Accomplishments

The men's soccer team won the NAIA national championship in 1972.[43] The women's soccer team has won the NAIA national championships in 1985, 1999, 2001, 2002, and 2003.[44] The women's tennis team won the NAIA national championship in 1982.[45] The women's basketball team won the NAIA basketball championship in 2013 and 2021.

Club sports

Westmont has several club sports. The Equestrian Polo Team were the NCAA Polo National Champions in 2013 and 2014 and was a runner-up in 2007 to Texas A&M (12–8) and again in 2012 to the University of Virginia (23–17). They also compete in rugby football, ultimate frisbee, men's volleyball and cheerleading.

Notable people

Alumni

  • Alvin O. Austin – president emeritus, Le Tourneau University, Longview, Texas[46]
  • Greg Bahnsen – theologian, Christian reconstructionist, Presbyterian minister, and Calvinist apologist[47]
  • Michael G. Bailey - United States Attorney, District of Arizona [48][49]
  • Tiffany Michelle Brissette – former American actress in the sitcom Small Wonder
  • Melissa Chaty – Miss California 2007, Finalist in Miss America 2008.
  • Priya David – CBS News correspondent.[50]
  • Anita Perez Ferguson – former White House liaison for the US Department of Transportation during the Bill Clinton Administration.
  • Kristen Flores – founder and CEO of the Feel Good Film Festival, American actress, set and production designer and film producer.
  • John Hart – former correspondent and anchor CBS News, NBC News, Christian Science Monitor television.
  • Allen Hopkins – sportscaster for ESPN and FSN[51]
  • David Allan Hubbard – Third president of Fuller Seminary, Old Testament scholar, Word Biblical Commentary general editor.[52]
  • Bob Huff – California state senator for the 29th District[53]
  • Chad Kammerer – assistant basketball coach for Miami Heat[54]
  • Robert King (writer) - American film and television writer and producer.
  • Kristin Olsen – California state assemblywoman[55]
  • Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa – Malagasy Olympic sprinter and professional track athlete of the 1970s[56]
  • George Alan Rekers – American psychologist and ordained Southern Baptist minister, anti-homosexual activist who was mired in a 2010 scandal involving a young male escort.[57][58]
  • Michael Dean Shelton - American socialite and activist, CEO of the Shelton Family Foundation.
  • Ron Shelton - U.S. film director of several films, including Bull Durham and White Men Can't Jump.[59]
  • Joshua Swanson – American theater, film and television and voice-over actor.
  • Kevin J. Vanhoozer – Research Professor of Systematic Theology, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School

Faculty

  • Jerry Blackstone – former music professor, Grammy Award-winning music conductor and director of choirs at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance.[60]
  • Ronald Enroth – sociology professor and expert on cults[61]
  • Robert H. Gundry – scholar-in-residence, author of Bible reference books, commentaries and articles[62]
  • Tremper Longman III – Old Testament professor and scholar[63]
  • Shirley Mullen – former history professor and provost, president of Houghton College.[64]
  • Donald J. Patterson – Professor of math and computer science[65]
  • Randy Pfund – former basketball assistant coach, former Los Angeles Lakers coach, and former Miami Heat executive[66][67]
  • Sandra L. Richter - Old Testament professor and scholar[68]
  • Peter W. Stoner – Christian apologist and author of Science Speaks[69]

References

  1. ↑ As of June 30, 2019. "U.S. and Canadian 2019 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2019 Endowment Market Value, and Percentage Change in Market Value from FY18 to FY19 (Revised)". National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/EndowmentFiles/2019-Endowment-Market-Values--Final-Feb-10.ashx?. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "About Westmont College". http://www.westmont.edu/_about/. 
  3. ↑ Gayle, Beebe. "Letter from the President". http://www.westmont.edu/_about/. 
  4. ↑ "Best Colleges | Find the Best College for You | US News Education". Colleges. usnews.rankingsandreviews.com. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/college/liberal-arts-search/page+5. 
  5. ↑ "Noticias : Journal of the Santa Barbara Historical Museum". Santabarbaramuseum.com. http://www.santabarbaramuseum.com/noticias-article.pdf. 
  6. ↑ "Magazine | How Westmont Got Its Name". Blogs.westmont.edu. http://blogs.westmont.edu/magazine/2012/01/05/how-westmont-got-its-name/. 
  7. ↑ "Westmont Receives Anonymous Gift of $75 Million. | Business News and Press Releases from". AllBusiness.com. 2006-10-30. http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services/3940441-1.html. 
  8. ↑ Published on November 3, 2006 (2006-11-03). "Westmont College gets $75 million anonymous gift.". Philanthropy Journal. http://www.philanthropyjournal.org/archive/122018. 
  9. ↑ [1]
  10. ↑ "Wildfire". https://westmont.edu/_offices/risk/cimp/Wildfire.html. 
  11. ↑ "Attachment B : Conditions of Approval". Westmont.edu. http://www.westmont.edu/neighborhood/documents/WestmontConditions90-CP-096RV01.pdf. 
  12. ↑ Reilly, Corinne (2009-02-04). "CALIFORNIA FIRE NEWS: Wednesday, February 4, 2009". Calfire.blogspot.com. http://calfire.blogspot.com/2009_02_04_archive.html. 
  13. ↑ "Wildfire Planning" (in en). https://www.westmont.edu/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Faithfulness in the Midst of Fires" (in en). Fall 2008. https://www.westmont.edu/. 
  15. ↑ "Fire roars through Montecito". Los Angeles Times. 2008-11-14. https://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-sbfire14-2008nov14,0,2370726.story. 
  16. ↑ Saillant, Catherine; Chawkins, Steve (2008-11-14). "Fire destroys 80 houses in Montecito". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-sbfire14-2008nov14,0,2370726.story. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Holland, Brooke (December 12, 2017). "Westmont College Serves as Thomas Fire Headquarters; Campus Evacuated" (in en). https://www.noozhawk.com/article/westmont_college_serves_as_thomas_fire_headquarters. 
  18. ↑ "Tea Fire update from Westmont College". Westmont College. 2008-11-14. http://disaster.westmont.edu/www/system_status/. 
  19. ↑ Martinez, Alys (2017-12-13). "Westmont Fire Brigade stands guard on campus as Thomas Fire rages on" (in en-US). https://www.keyt.com/news/safety/westmont-fire-brigade-stands-guard-on-campus-as-thomas-fire-rages-on/672331513. 
  20. ↑ Holland, Brooke (January 15, 2018). "Westmont College Students Return to Campus Tuesday After Evacuation" (in en). https://www.noozhawk.com/article/westmont_college_students_return_to_campus_tuesday. 
  21. ↑ "Presidential Briefing - June 2018" (in en). https://www.westmont.edu/. 
  22. ↑ "Housing & Residence Life" (in en). http://westmont.edu/. 
  23. ↑ "Armington Hall" (in en). http://www.westmont.edu/. 
  24. ↑ "Emerson Hall" (in en). http://www.westmont.edu/. 
  25. ↑ "Global Leadership Center" (in en). http://www.westmont.edu/. 
  26. ↑ "Ocean View Apartments" (in en). http://www.westmont.edu/. 
  27. ↑ "National Liberal Arts College Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-liberal-arts-colleges/spp%2B50/page+2. 
  28. ↑ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. 2015-05-25. https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/4/#tab:rank. 
  29. ↑ [2]
  30. ↑ "America's Top Colleges 2019". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/. 
  31. ↑ "2020 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly. https://washingtonmonthly.com/2020college-guide/national. 
  32. ↑ "Best Colleges 2021: National Liberal Arts Colleges". U.S. News & World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-liberal-arts-colleges. 
  33. ↑ "Westmont College Catalog 2005–2006". Westmont.edu. http://www.westmont.edu/_academics/pages/registrar/catalog_0506/faculty.html. 
  34. ↑ [3]
  35. ↑ "Sexual Activity Outside of Marriage". August 25, 2021. https://www.westmont.edu/sexual-activity-outside-marriage. "In regard to sexual activity, the college will not condone practices that Scripture forbids, including sexual relations outside of marriage between persons of opposite sex or persons of the same sex. Additionally, conduct promoting such intimacy between unmarried persons (i.e., nudity, lying in bed together) is unacceptable behavior and private situations that foster such behavior should be avoided. Members of the Westmont community who choose to marry are expected to abide by the commitment to lifelong heterosexual marriage, and whether single or married, to strive to maintain healthy family relationships." 
  36. ↑ Scherschligt, Donald (March 9, 2016). "Students Rally to End LGBT Discrimination at Westmont College". Noozhawk (Santa Barbara). https://www.noozhawk.com/article/students_rally_to_end_lgbt_discrimination_at_westmont_college. 
  37. ↑ Armus, Teo (September 16, 2017). "'Shame List' Identifies 2017's 'Absolute Worst' Schools for LGBTQ Students". NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/shame-list-identifies-2017-s-absolute-worst-schools-lgbtq-students-n801851. 
  38. ↑ Steven, Chawkins (Feb 2011). "Gay alumni question policy of Christian college in Montecito". LA Times. https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-feb-16-la-me-gay-westmont-20110216-story.html. 
  39. ↑ Marquez, Kat (November 12, 2020). "Gradient Community: The unofficial official group for LGBTQ+ students". The Horizon. https://horizon.westmont.edu/3891/features/gradient-community-the-unofficial-official-club-for-lgbtq-students/. 
  40. ↑ "The Horizon". https://horizon.westmont.edu/. 
  41. ↑ "About Us". https://horizon.westmont.edu/about/. 
  42. ↑ Westmont Begins NCAA Division II Membership Process - Westmont College Athletics
  43. ↑ "NAIA – National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics". Naia.cstv.com. 2012-01-14. http://naia.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/naia/sports/m-soccer/auto_pdf/ChampionshipRecords2007. 
  44. ↑ "NAIA – National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics". Naia.cstv.com. 2012-01-14. http://naia.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/naia/sports/w-soccer/auto_pdf/ChampionshipRecords1. 
  45. ↑ "NAIA – National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics". Naia.cstv.com. 2012-01-14. http://naia.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/naia/sports/w-tennis/auto_pdf/WomensTennisRecords2. 
  46. ↑ "News Releases 2009 | LeTourneau University". Letu.edu. 2009-07-02. http://www.letu.edu/news/2009/Dr._Austin_named_President_Emeritus. 
  47. ↑ "Greg Bahnsen". Theopedia. http://www.theopedia.com/Greg_Bahnsen. 
  48. ↑ "Meet the U. S. Attorney". https://www.justice.gov/usao-az/meet-us-attorney. 
  49. ↑ "Michael Bailey confirmed as U.S. Attorney for Arizona". https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2019/05/24/michael-bailey-confirmed-u-s-attorney-arizona/1222138001/. 
  50. ↑ "Priya David". CBS News. April 8, 2008. https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/04/08/broadcasts/main4001518.shtml. 
  51. ↑ "Bio — Allen Hopkins". Allenhopkins.com. 2015-11-09. http://www.allenhopkins.com/bio/. 
  52. ↑ Saxon, Wolfgang (1996-06-16). "David A. Hubbard, 68, Is Dead; Bible Expert and Seminary Head" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/16/us/david-a-hubbard-68-is-dead-bible-expert-and-seminary-head.html. 
  53. ↑ "Biography – CA State Senator Bob Huff". Cssrc.us. http://cssrc.us/web/29/biography.aspx. 
  54. ↑ "DIRECTORY: Chad Kammerer". http://www.nba.com/heat/contact/directory_kammerer2.html. 
  55. ↑ "Kristin Olsen for Assembly". Kristinolsen.org. http://www.kristinolsen.org/. 
  56. ↑ "Jean-Louis Ravelomanantsoa Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at". Sports-reference.com. 1943-03-30. https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ra/jean-louis-ravelomanantsoa-1.html. 
  57. ↑ Rekers, George Alan (1985). Family building: six qualities of a strong family. Ventura, Calif: Regal Books. p. 15. ISBN 0-8307-1046-9. 
  58. ↑ Rekers, George Alan (1982). Growing up straight: what families should know about homosexuality. Chicago: Moody Press. p. 162. ISBN 0-8024-0156-2. 
  59. ↑ Lybarger, Dan. "More than a Game: An Interview with Ron Shelton". Tipjar. http://www.tipjar.com/dan/ronshelton.htm. 
  60. ↑ "UM School of Music, Theatre & Dance – Faculty & Staff". Music.umich.edu. http://www.music.umich.edu/faculty_staff/blackstone.jerry.lasso. 
  61. ↑ "Dr. Ronald Enroth". Apologetics Index. 12 October 2012. http://www.apologeticsindex.org/2792-dr-ronald-enroth. 
  62. ↑ "Westmont | Religious Studies". Westmont.edu. http://www.westmont.edu/_academics/departments/religious_studies/robert-h-gundry.html. 
  63. ↑ "tremper – Logos Bible Software". Logos.com. https://www.logos.com/products/search?q=tremper&Author=16146%7cTremper+Longman&redirecttoauthor=true. 
  64. ↑ "Biography of Shirley Mullen". Houghton College. http://www.houghton.edu/president/bio.htm. 
  65. ↑ "About - Professor Donald J Patterson". https://www.djp3.net/about-professor-donald-j-patterson/. 
  66. ↑ "Directory: Randy Pfund". THE OFFICIAL SITE OF THE MIAMI HEAT. http://www.nba.com/heat/contact/directory_pfund.html. 
  67. ↑ "NBA.com – Heat GM Randy Pfund Resigns". http://www.nba.com/news/randypfund_resigns_080929.html?rss=true. 
  68. ↑ "Sandra Richter, Ph.D.". https://www.westmont.edu/people/sandra-richter-phd. 
  69. ↑ "On-line book: Science Speaks by Peter Stoner (Peter W. Stoner)". Sciencespeaks.dstoner.net. 1980-03-21. http://sciencespeaks.dstoner.net/. 

External links



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