Engineering:Type 81 (rocket launcher)

From HandWiki
Type 81 rocket launcher[1]
Type 81 MLRS on Hongyan OQ261 chassis.jpg
TypeSelf-propelled rocket launcher
Rocket artillery
Place of originChina
Production history
Designed1987
Produced1989 – present
Specifications
Mass18 to 30 tons
Length9.8 m (32 ft 2 in)
Width3.24 m (10 ft 8 in)
Height3.50 m (11 ft 6 in) with AAMG
Crew5
Calibre122 mm (4.8 in) (missiles)
Barrels40
Traverse360°
Main
armament
122 mm rockets
Secondary
armament
12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun
EngineWR4B-12V150LB 12-cyl diesel
520 hp (382 kW)
Suspensiontorsion bar
Operational
range
450 km (280 mi)
Speed55 km/h (35 mph)

The Type 81 is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (SPMRL) produced by the People's Republic of China for the People's Liberation Army Ground Force.[2] It is a variant of the Soviet BM-21 Grad.[3] The Type 81 was the first in a family of Chinese self-propelled 122 mm rocket launchers.[2]

The spin-stabilized rocket fired by the Type 81 may be armed with a high explosive warhead or a steel fragmentation warhead.[2]

Variants

Domestic

Type 81
Designation: PHL-81. The Type 81 mounts a 40-round launcher on an OQ261 Honyan 6X6 truck chassis.[2]
Type 83
Improved variant of Type 81. The Type 83 mounts a 24-round launcher on a 6x6 truck chassis.[2]
Type 89
Designation PHZ-89. This is an improved variant of the original Type 81 MRL system. It was adopted by the PLA in 1989. The Type 89 mounts a new type of 40-round box launcher on the armored tracked chassis of the Type 83 self-propelled gun. The rockets may be fired in 20 seconds. The launcher is mounted at the rear with a reload pack in front.[2]
Type 90
Designation PHL-90. The Type 90 shares the 40-round launcher with PHZ-89, but the rockets are mounted on a Tiema SC2030 6X6 truck. The truck also carries a reload pack of 40 additional rockets; the launcher to be reloaded within 3 minutes.[2]
Type 90A
Designation PHL-90A. The Type 90A is an upgrade of the Type 90. The 40-round launcher is mounted on a Tienna XC2200 6×6 truck, has improved fire control, and a battery may be remotely controlled by a command vehicle. It is manufactured by Norinco.[4]
Type 90B
The Type 90B is an upgrade of the Type 90A. The 40-round launchers are mounted on a Beifang Benchi 2629 6×6 trucks. The system adds WZ551 reconnaissance vehicles, and the command vehicle has improved command and fire control systems.[5]
PHL-11
PHL-11 is a wheeled multiple rocket launch system based on export-orientated SR-4. People's Liberation Army adopted SR-4 in 2011, the vehicle received designation PHL-11. It shares the same modular 122 mm rocket pod configuration on that of SR-4.[6][7]
PHZ-11
PHZ-11 shares the same modular 122 mm rocket pod configuration on SR-4 and PHL-11, however the support platform is based on the tracked chassis of PLZ-05 and PGZ-09.[7]

Export

Weishi WS-22
PR50 SPMRL
Part of the WS export series. The vehicle has fire power increased by 25% to 50 round from the original 40 rounds. Incorporate features of WS SPMRL series so that the operating cost and overall life cycle cost for both. Also incorporated is a feature originated in Type 90B, which is the adoption of rockets of different ranges, so PR50 has a wide range of 20 km to 40 km. The Chinese name for PR50 SPMRL is Sha Chen Bao (沙尘暴), meaning Sandstorm, and the system made its public debut in 2006 at the 6th China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition.[8]
WS-22
WS-22 is a guided version of 122 mm PR50 SPMRL with simple cascade inertial terminal guidance, with standard range of 45 km.[9]
SR-4
The SR-4 can trace its lineage to the Type 81, but featuring a 50 tubes arranged into two pods mounted on a wheeled chassis. The range is 50 km. The weapon system is derived from the modular naval rocket launcher on the PLA Navy Chinese frigate Changsha (516)[6][10] The wheeled chassis is based on Shaanxi SX2190KA.
SR-5
SR-5 MRL is a self-propelled MLS which first made its public debut in 2012 Eurosatory, similar to the HIMARS. SR-5 is a fully computerized and digitized system with modular design concept to enable both the 122 mm rocket series and 220 mm rocket series to be adopted on a single chassis, using the same fire control and support systems, hence greatly reduces the operational cost.[11] The SR-5 has been exported to Algeria, Bahrain and Venezuela.[12][13]
SR-7
The SR-7 is a scaled-down variant, with either one pod of twenty 122 mm rockets or six 220 mm rockets. The maximum range is 50 km for the 122 mm rocket and 70 km for the 220 mm rocket.[14]

Operators

Type-81 MLRS of Myanmar Army.
 Bangladesh
  • Bangladesh Army - 49 units of WS-22 [15]
 China
  • People's Liberation Army Ground Force - 550 PHL-81/90 and 375 PHZ-89[16]
 Indonesia
  • Indonesian Army - At least 4 units purchased in 2015[17]
 Myanmar
  • Myanmar Army - 20 units of Type-81[18] and 20 units of Type-90[18]
 Peru
  • Peruvian Army - 24 units of Type 90B purchased in January 2014[19]

See also

  • PHL-03: Chinese truck-mounted 300 mm multiple rocket launcher.
  • PHL-16: Chinese truck-mounted 370 mm multiple rocket launcher.

References

  1. ↑ "Type 81 / Type 89 / Type 90 122mm Rocket Launcher". Fas.org. 1999-11-16. http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/type-81-r.htm. Retrieved 2018-05-23. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Type 81 / Type 89 / Type 90 122mm Rocket Launcher". globalsecurity.org. 11 July 2011. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/type-81-r.htm. Retrieved 7 January 2013. 
  3. ↑ "BM-21 122-mm Multiple Rocket Launcher". globalsecurity.org. 11 July 2011. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/bm-21.htm. Retrieved 7 January 2013. 
  4. ↑ "CHINA DEVELOPS TYPE 90A 122 MM MULTIPLE SYSTEM, Archived". Jane's. 2009. Archived from the original on 15 Jan 2013. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:U_QBnYMCknIJ:http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Missiles-And-Rockets-97/CHINA-DEVELOPS-TYPE-90A-122-MM-MULTIPLE-SYSTEM.html%2Bhttp://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Missiles-And-Rockets-97/CHINA-DEVELOPS-TYPE-90A-122-MM-MULTIPLE-SYSTEM.html&aqs=chrome.0.57j0l2j60l2j0.1345&gbv=1&hl=en&ct=clnk. Retrieved 3 March 2013. 
  5. ↑ "NORINCO 122 mm (40-round) Type 90B multiple rocket system (China), Multiple rocket launchers". Jane's. 2009. Archived from the original on 13 Feb 2013. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:tCMLp5PeE8UJ:http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/NORINCO-122-mm-40-round-Type-90B-multiple-rocket-system-China.html%2BType+90+rocket+jane&aqs=chrome.0.57j0l2j60l2j0.1345&gbv=1&hl=en&ct=clnk. Retrieved 3 March 2013. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "模块化飞火流星——中国PHZ11&PHL11式122mm火箭炮" (in Chinese). 26 June 2020. https://www.163.com/dy/article/FG1TIT6I0516MD5K.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "New Chinese army PHZ-11 122mm MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket System on tracked chassis". 27 April 2020. https://www.armyrecognition.com/april_2020_news_defense_global_security_army_industry/new_chinese_army_phz-11_122mm_mlrs_multiple_launch_rocket_system_on_tracked_chassis.html. 
  8. ↑ "PR50 SPMRL". http://www.warchina.com/bingqiziliao/wojunbingqizhuangbei/wojunhuopao/2009-12-16/24003.html. 
  9. ↑ "WS-22". 2012-08-09. http://news.21cn.com/junshi/gundong/2012/08/09/12621288_2.shtml. 
  10. ↑ ARG. "SR-4 Multiple Launch Rocket System - Military-Today.com". http://www.military-today.com/artillery/sr4.htm. 
  11. ↑ SR-5 Retrieved 2017-11-29.
  12. ↑ "Algeria has acquired SR5 multiple rocket launchers". 2017-11-22. Archived from the original on 2017-11-25. https://archive.today/20171125141238/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49946:algeria-has-acquired-sr5-multiple-rocket-launchers&catid=50:Land&Itemid=105. Retrieved 2017-11-25. 
  13. ↑ Binnie, Jeremy (16 January 2018). "Algeria confirms Chinese MRL acquisition". London. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. https://archive.today/20180116151850/http://www.janes.com/article/77068/algeria-confirms-chinese-mrl-acquisition. Retrieved 16 January 2018. 
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001139/http://www.janes.com/article/67936/idex-2017-china-develops-sr7-rocket-launcher. Retrieved 2017-07-19. 
  15. ↑ "Trade-Register-1971-2019.rft". http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  16. ↑ "Appraisal of PLA Artillery Modernisation". https://www.claws.in/publication/appraisal-of-pla-artillery-modernisation/. 
  17. ↑ https://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/indonesian_marine_corps_receives_four_type_90b_multiple_launch_rocket_systems_from_china_22912162.html
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "SIPRI Trade Register". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  19. ↑ https://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/indonesian_marine_corps_receives_four_type_90b_multiple_launch_rocket_systems_from_china_22912162.html

External links




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