Engineering:SS Komagata Maru
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| History | |
|---|---|
| Name: |
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| Owner: |
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| Route: | Transpacific |
| Builder: | Charles Connell and Company, Scotstoun[1] |
| Launched: | 13 August 1890[1] |
| Christened: | SS Stubbenhuk |
| Completed: | September 1890[1] |
| Identification: | Japan ese official number: 25107[1] |
| Fate: | Wrecked at Cape Soidomari, Hokkaidō, 11 February 1926[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage: | 3,040 GRT[1] |
| Length: | 100.3 m (329 ft 1 in) (LPP)[1] |
| Beam: | 12.7 m (41 ft 8 in)[1] |
| Installed power: | 1 triple-expansion steam engine,[1] single screw propeller[1] |
| Speed: | 11 knots (20 km/h)[1] |
Komagata Maru (Japanese: 駒形丸 Hepburn: Komagata Maru) was a British-built steamship owned by the Shinyei Kisen Goshi Kaisya of Japan between 1913 and 1925. She was built as a cargo ship in 1890 and had previously been known as Stubbenhuk, then Sicilia, while sailing for two different Germany shipowners. She was later renamed Heian Maru.
Construction and Atlantic service
The ship was launched by Charles Connell and Company of Scotstoun, near Glasgow, on 13 August 1890 with the name Stubbenhuk.[1][2] Upon completion in September 1890, she was delivered to the German company Dampfschiffs Rhederei Hansa (Hansa steamship company, or "Hansa Line") of Hamburg,[lower-alpha 1] for its cattle trade between the North America and Germany, though she also had a limited provision for passengers.[1][2] The ship departed from Hamburg on her maiden voyage to Quebec and Montreal on 19 October.[3]
In March 1892, Hamburg America Line (Hapag) acquired Hansa Line's operation; Stubbenhuk remained on the North Atlantic, joining Hapag's Hamburg-Antwerp-Montreal service.[3] In 1894 she was transferred to Hapag's Hamburg-New York service and was renamed Sicilia.[1][3]
Japanese ownership
Sicilia was acquired by the company Shinyei Kisen Goshi Kaisha in 1913 and registered at Dairen[lower-alpha 2] under the Japanese flag.[1] The company was owned by four or five individuals who possessed one other ship. She was renamed the Komagata Maru.[4]
In 1914 the ship was central to what became known as the Komagata Maru Incident, which involved 376 India n passengers (mostly Sikhs, with a few Muslims and Hindus) who attempted to immigrate to Canada. To accommodate the passengers, the lower deck was cleaned and fitted with latrines and wooden benches, as well as a meeting room and a Sikh temple. Komagata Maru set sail from Hong Kong with 150 migrants on 4 April 1914, collecting further Indian passengers at calls at Shanghai, Moji and Yokohama. The passengers were kept onboard in Vancouver harbour, where only 24 migrants were permitted to land, for two months. On 23 July the ship sailed for Japan and India where, after disembarking from the ship, some of the passengers were killed in an incident with police authorities.[5]
In 1917, the ship was sold to Kawauchi Goshi Kaisha, remaining registered at Dairen. In 1921 she ship changed hands again, to Yamashita Kisen KK, which moved registration to Fusan,[lower-alpha 3] while still retaining the name Komagata Maru.[1] The ship was sold again in 1924, to Kabafuto Kisen KK, registered at Nishinomiya, and renamed Heian Maru.[1]
Loss
Heian Maru was wrecked on Cape Soyidmar (ja), Hokkaidō, Japan on 11 February 1926.[1][6]
Notes
- ↑ This was not the same company as Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft Hansa of Bremen, also known as "Hansa Line".
- ↑ Present-day Dalian, China, but at the time under Japanese occupation following the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905
- ↑ Present-day Busan, South Korea, but at the time under Japanese rule
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 "Stubbenhuk". Miramar Ship Index. R.B.Haworth. http://www.miramarshipindex.org.nz/ship/list?search_op=OR&IDNo=4025107.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Launch at Whiteinch". The Scotsman (Edinburgh) (14,699): p. 4. 14 August 1890. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/18900814/068/0004.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "S/S Stubbenhuk, Hamburg America Line". Rissa, Norway: norwayheritage.com. http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=stubb.
- ↑ Johnston, Hugh (1979) p.27
- ↑ Johnston, Hugh (19 May 2016). "Komagata Maru". https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/komagata-maru.
- ↑ "Heian Maru (+1926)". Adelante. https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?139959.
Bibliography
- Kazimi, Ali (2011). Undesirables: White Canada and the Komagata Maru. Vancouver: D&M Publishers. ISBN 978-1553659730.
- Johnston, Hugh J. M. (1979). The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: The Sikh challenge to Canada's Colour Bar (1st ed.). Toronto: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-561164-9. OCLC 6610593.
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