Engineering:List of transport megaprojects

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This is a list of megaprojects within the transport sector. Care should be taken in comparing the cost of projects from different times, even a few years apart due to inflation; comparing nominal costs without taking this into account can be highly misleading. Note that inflation-calculated values are current (As of 2019).

According to the Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management in 2017, "Megaprojects are large-scale, complex ventures that typically cost $1 billion or more, take many years to develop and build, involve multiple public and private stakeholders, are transformational, and impact millions of people".[1]

Completed projects

Project Description Country Location Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion Est. cost (in billions United States dollar ), adjusted for inflation Start of construction Year of completion Image Notes
Tokaido Shinkansen High-speed rail  Japan Taiheiyō Belt Undefined year "1964"[2] 1959 1964
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen, with the Tokaidō Shinkansen route shown in orange and stops labeled
Map of Tokaidō Shinkansen
 Original segment of the first shinkansen line
Çanakkale 1915 Bridge Bridge (road)  Turkey Çanakkale 4[3] 2017 2022
1915 Çanakkale Bridge 20220327.jpg
 Spans two continents.
Sha Tin to Central Link Rapid transit  China  Hong Kong, From Tai Wai, New Territories to Admiralty, Hong Kong Island 11.6[4] 2012 2022
Shatin to Central Link proposal final.svg
 HK$90,700,000,000[4]
La Línea Tunnel Tunnel (road)  Colombia Cordillera Central Undefined year "2020"[5] 2009 2020
Diagram showing cross-section of the tunnel through a mountain
Cross-section of the tunnel
Thameslink Programme Commuter rail upgrade  United Kingdom Southeast England Undefined year "2020"[6] 2009 2020
Construction occurring at the Blackfriars Underground station work site during the Thameslink Programme rebuilding, as seen from platform 5 of the Blackfriars mainline station.
Blackfriars Underground station work site
 (GBP7bn)[6]
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel Tunnel (road)  United States Seattle 3.3[7] 2013 2019
SR 99 Tunnel opening celebration - vents and digital sign.jpg
Santiago Metro Line 3, Phase One and 2023 extension. Rapid transit  Chile Santiago 2.17[8][9] 2012 2023
Metro de Santiago - Santiago Bueras 5.JPG
 Combined cost of initial line and extension.[8][9]
Santiago Metro Line 6 Rapid transit  Chile Santiago 1.26[10] 2014 2017
Map of Line 6. Runs east and then north around outskirts of central Santiago
Map of Line 6
Crimean Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Russia (one end is recognized internationally as being owned by Ukraine, but is de facto controlled by Russia) 3.7[11] 2015 2019 Открытие Крымского моста (ЖД, 6).jpg
Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Bridge–tunnel  China  Hong Kong, China Zhuhai, and  Macau 19.18[12] 2009 2018 West section of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (20180902174105).jpg ¥127 billion
New Tappan Zee Bridge Bridge (road)  United States South Nyack to Tarrytown, New York 3.98[13] 2013 2018 New Tappan Zee bridge 2016 Aug c jeh.jpg
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway Railway  Israel Israel Jerusalem, Israel 1.94-2.5[14] 1.9-2.5 2001 2004 (first section)

2007 (second section)

2018 (final section)

TelAvivJerusalemNewRailroadBridgeNo10ArazimSept202022 03.jpg NIS7-9 billion[14]
Abuja Light Rail (phase 1 nearing completion)[15] Light Rail  Nigeria Abuja 2.7[15][16] 2007 2018 Abuja Rail Mass Transit
Noord/Zuidlijn Rapid transit line  Netherlands Amsterdam Template:To USD/data/2009[17] 2002 2018 2011-05-12 Startschacht Damrak (€3.1bn)
Klang Valley MRT Line 1 Rapid transit  Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 11.7[18] 2012 2017 MRT SBK Semantan station2 (MYR36B)
Ionia Odos Highway  Greece Western Greece 1.8[19] 2007 2017 GR-A5 (northern section) course.png (€1.4bn)
Otoyol 5 Highway  Turkey Istanbul to İzmir 7[20] 2013 2019
Osman-Gazi-Bridge-620x410.jpg
 Including Osman Gazi Bridge.[21]
German Unification Transport Projects (Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit) Transport project to achieve the German Unity  Germany  Germany 42[22] 1991 2016 – continues expansion until 2020 Karte Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit
AVE - Spain's high-speed railway network High-speed rail  Spain  Spain 44[23] 1992 2016 - continues expansion Trenes.jpg 40[23] billion euros
Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Turkey Istanbul 2[24] 2013 2016 Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (Turkey) under construction on 6 October 2015.JPG
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge Bridge (road)  United States Seattle and Medina, Washington 4.56[25] 2012 2016 Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (2016) from east end after opening, April 2016.jpg
Eurasia Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, road)  Turkey Istanbul 1.3[26] 2011 2016
Avrasya Tüneli IMG 4199k.jpg
Gotthard Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)   Switzerland Swiss Alps 9.7[27] 1999 2016 NEAT GBT engl crop.png (CHF 9.56 billion)[27]
World Trade Center Transportation Hub Transit center and retail  United States New York City 3.9[28] 2006 2016 WTC Hub September 2016 vc.png
Blanka tunnel complex Tunnel (road)  Czechia Prague Template:To USD/data/2015[29] 2006 2015 DOD Bubenečský tunel 2014, směr Dejvický tunel.jpg 43bn Kč[29]
Adler–Krasnaya Polyana road and railway Highway and railway  Russia  Russia 9.4[30]
2010
 2014 BridgeAdlerKrasnayaPolyana.jpg
Budapest Metro Line 4 Rapid transit line  Hungary Budapest 1.95[31][32] 2004 2014 Budapest metro 4 construction 03.jpg (HUF 452.5 bn)
Marina Coastal Expressway Highway  Singapore  Singapore Template:To USD/data/2013[33][34] 2008 2013[35] (S$4.3 bn)
Marmaray Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)  Turkey Istanbul 4.5[36] 2004 2008(Phase I)
2013(Phase II) 		Marmaray Istanbul Project.png Deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.
Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge Bridge (road)  United States San Francisco Bay Area 6.5[37] 2002 2013 ProposedSFOBBEasternSpanRecrop.jpg
Russky Bridge Bridge (road)  Russia Vladivostok (Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula) and Russky Island 1.1[38] 2008 2012 Russki Island Bridge, Russia1.jpg
Freeway Durango-Mazatlán and Baluarte Bridge Highway and road bridge  Mexico Durango – Sinaloa 1.46[39][40] 2008 2012 Puente Baluarte 03.jpg
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge Bridge (road)  China Shandong 1.5[41] 2007 2011 The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.jpg
Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway High-speed rail  China Eastern China (Beijing to Shanghai, via Tianjin and Nanjing) 33.1[42] 2008 2011 Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway and Beijing–Shanghai Railway.jpg (RMB 220.9bn)
Clem Jones Tunnel Tunnel (road)  Australia Brisbane Template:To USD/data/2011[43] 2006 2010 Driving in Clem Jones Tunnel.jpg (AUD3.2bn)
CBD and South East Light Rail Light rail  Australia Sydney Undefined year "2021"[44] 2015 2019 (AUD 3.1bn)[44]
Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail  China  China Template:To USD/data/2009[45] 2005 2009 GuangZhouNanStation.jpg (RMB 116.6bn)
Egnatia Odos Highway  Greece Northern Greece 8.4[46] 1994 2009 GR-A2 course.png (€5.9bn)
Incheon Bridge Bridge (road)  South Korea Incheon 2.12[47] 2005 2009 Incheon bridge (12).jpg (₩2,450,000,000,000; source listed that as being equivalent to US$2.12 billion)
Sound Transit '1 line'

(initial segment)

Light rail  United States Seattle metropolitan area 2.9[48] 2003 2009 2-car Central Link train in Tukwila.jpg
Bologna–Florence high-speed railway High-speed rail  Italy  Italy Undefined year "2010"[49] 1996 2009
Ferrovia AV Firenze-Bologna.jpg
(€5.89 billion)[49]
Milan–Bologna high-speed railway High-speed rail  Italy  Italy Undefined year "2010"[49] 1993 2008 Frecciarossa.JPG (€6.92 billion)[49]
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway High-speed rail  China Beijing and Tianjin[50] 2.34[51] 2005 2008 Beijng-Tianjin ligne TGV viaduc IMG 4433.JPG
High Speed 1 High-speed rail  United Kingdom South East England Undefined year "2007"[52] 1998 2007
Diagram of High Speed 1's route, showing a connection with the Channel Tunnel
Map overview of the rail's route
 (£6.84 billion)[52]
Lötschberg Base Tunnel

(initial bore)

Tunnel (rail)   Switzerland Swiss Alps Template:ToUSD[53] 1999 2007 NEAT LBT engl.png (CHF 4.3 billion)[53]
Copenhagen Metro phase 1-3 Rapid transit  Denmark Copenhagen 1.47[54] 1996 2007 DR Byen.jpg 11,400,000,000 DKK
"Big Dig" Central Artery/Tunnel Project Tunnel (road)  United States Boston 22[55] 1991 2007 Tunnel-large.jpg 14.6 billion USD; additional $7 billion in interest
Colorado T-REX Project (TRansportation EXpansion) Highway & Light rail upgrade  United States Denver 1.7[56] 2001 2006 Pd Denver trexmap.gif
Shanghai Maglev Train High-speed rail, Maglev  China Shanghai 1.4[57] 2001 2004 Maglev june2005.jpg
Red Line and Purple Line Rapid transit  United States Los Angeles 4.5[58] 1986 2000 Breda A650.jpg represents expenditure prior to the D Line Extension
Toei Ōedo Line Rapid transit  Japan Tokyo Undefined year "1999"[59] 1988 2000 Toei-tsukishima-platform.jpg (¥988.6 billion in 1999 yen values)
Jubilee Line Extension Rapid transit line  United Kingdom London 6.83[60] 1993 1999 Westminster.tube.station.jubilee.arp.jpg 3.5 billion GBP

6.83 billion USD is for 2010 prices[60]

Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project Bridges

17 bridges connecting the islands of Honshū and Shikoku

 Japan  Japan 48[61] 1978 1999 Map of Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Project.svg 4 trillion Yen
Øresund Bridge Bridge–tunnel (rail/road)  Denmark,  Sweden  Denmark -  Sweden 5.7[62] 1995 1999 Oresund Bridge narrow.JPG (DKK30.1bn)
Great Belt Fixed Link Bridge–tunnel (rail/road)  Denmark  Denmark Undefined year "1988" 1988 1998 StoreBaelt sunset 01.jpg (DKK21.4bn)[63]
Vasco da Gama Bridge Bridge (road)  Portugal Lisbon 1.3[64] 1995 1998 Vasco da Gama Bridge aerial view.jpg (€897m / 180bn PTE)
Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge Bridge (road)  Japan Kobe 5[65] 1988 1998 Akashi Bridge.JPG
Channel Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail) Strait of Dover, English Channel between the  United Kingdom and  France 15.4[66] 1988 1994 Course Channeltunnel en.svg (GBP9.5bn)
Interstate Highway System Highway Network  United States  United States 114[67] 1956 1992[68][69] Map of current Interstates.svg 425 billion in 2006 dollars[70] 548 billion in 2021 dollars[71]
Baikal–Amur Mainline Railway  Soviet Union (modern-day  Russia) Sovetskaya Gavan to Tayshet (modern-day Russia ) 15[72] 1974 1984 Ayam-route-map.png
Bay Area Rapid Transit Rapid transit  United States San Francisco Bay Area 1.586[73] 1964 1976 - continues expansion Antioch-bound train approaching MacArthur station, June 2018.JPG $9.69 billion adjusted for inflation
St. Lawrence Seaway Canal system  United States,  Canada St Lawrence River and North American Great Lakes between the  United States and  Canada 0.470[74] 1954 1959 Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway map 1959.png
Caracas-La Guaira highway Highway  Venezuela Greater Caracas 0.06[75][76] 1950 1953 Tunelífico... (3097155570).jpg
Trans-Siberian Railway Railway  Russian Empire (modern-day  Russia) Moscow to Russian Far East (Vladivostok) (modern-day Russia ) 0.770[77] 1891 1916 Transsibirische Eisenbahn.png
Panama Canal Canal  Panama  Panama 0.375[78] 1881 1914 Panama Canal Map EN.png
First transcontinental railroad Railway  United States Omaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California 0.1[79] 1863 1869 Golden Spike ceremony, Promontory, Utah, May 10, 1869.jpg $1.76 billion adjusted for inflation
Suez Canal Canal Template:Country data Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day  Egypt) Sinai Peninsula, Khedivate of Egypt (modern-day Egypt) 0.082[80] 1859 1869 USS America (CV-66) in the Suez canal 1981.jpg
Suez Canal expansion Canal expansion  Egypt Sinai Peninsula 8[81] 2014 2015
New Suez Canal.jpeg
Silver Line Rapid transit  United States Northern Virginia 6[82] 2009 2014 (Phase 1)

2022 (Phase 2)

WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
WMATA Alstom 6000 Series On The Silver Line
 While the Silver Line runs through Maryland and through Washington, D.C., the actual new sections of railway were all located in Northern Virginia.
Mid-Coast Extension of the Blue Line (San Diego Trolley) Light rail  United States San Diego 2.17[83][84] 2016 2021
San Diego Trolley 03.jpg
Green Line Extension Light rail  United States Greater Boston 2.28[85] 2012 2022
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020. The tracks at this station are elevated.
The new Lechmere station under construction in May 2020
Highway Vespucio Oriente Tunnel (road)  Chile Santiago 1.1 2017 2022
Autopista Vespucio Oriente (plano).jpg
East Side Access project (including Grand Central Madison station) Transit center, commuter rail  United States New York City 11.1[86] 2007 2023
GCM east cavern construction.jpg
 The East Side Access project, including Grand Central Madison station, allows Long Island Rail Road service to Grand Central Terminal.
Taichung Metro Rapid transit  Taiwan Taichung 2.08[87] 2009 2021
臺中捷運北屯機廠車棚.jpg
Almaty Metro Rapid transit  Kazakhstan Almaty 1[88] 1988 (was temporarily suspended as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union) 2011
Поезд Алматинского метро.jpg
Dubai Metro Rapid transit  United Arab Emirates Dubai Template:To USD/data/2009[89] 2009
5018 Dubai Metro in Dubai UAE.png
Canada Line Rapid transit  Canada Greater Vancouver Template:To USD/data/2009[90] 2005 2009
Map of Vancouver's transit lines in 2016, showing Canada Line in sky blue
Canada Line (sky blue) as part of the Metro Vancouver transit system in 2016
 $2.05 billion CAD – set as the value for 2009, though estimate was originally made in 2006
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 1 Rapid transit  United States New York City 4.4[91] 2007 2017
96th Street Station (31000690483).jpg
 Inflation is based on 2016, as the line opened on January 1 of 2017; construction was thus technically completed before then.
Silicon Valley BART extension, Phase I Rapid transit  United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.3[92] 2012 2020
Warm Springs from Auto Mall 0915.JPG
Algiers Metro (original section of Line 1) Rapid transit  Algeria Algiers 1.2[93] 1982 (was suspended for a time) 2011
Tafourah 3.JPG
Changsha Metro, Line 2 Rapid transit  China Changsha 1.8[94] 2009 2014
Yingwanzhen Station of L2.jpeg
Doha Metro Rapid transit  Qatar Doha 36[95][96] 2013 2019
The metro station at the Qatar National Convention Centre.jpg
Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway Railway  Kenya Mombasa

NairobiNaivasha

5.3[97] 2013 2019
Nairobi Terminus.jpg
Original phase: $3.8bn and extension: 1.5bn[97]
Edinburgh Trams Light rail  United Kingdom Edinburgh 1.72[98] 2008 2014
Edinburgh tram 03 first day of operation.JPG
(£1.043bn)[98]
Padma Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Bangladesh Padma River 3.6[99] 2014 2022
Padma Bridge, November2021(2).jpg
Woodrow Wilson Bridge Bridge (Bascule)  United States Washington metropolitan area 2.357[100] 2000 2013
Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Potomac.jpg
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (original/upper deck) Bridge (road)  United States New York City 0.320[101] 1959 1964
Verrazzano Bridge (4373761633).jpg
AirTrain JFK People mover  United States New York City 1.9[102] 1998 2003
JFK AirTrain 03.JPG
While it does serve passengers within JFK, it was primarily built for transport between the airport and the city.
Taiwan High Speed Rail High-speed rail  Taiwan  Taiwan 14.63[103] 2000 2007
THSR 700T TR17 20130907.jpg
480.6 billion converted to USD in 2007 dollars is $14.63 billion.[104]
Goethals Bridge (replacement) Bridge (road)  United States New York City and New Jersey 1.25[105] 2014 2017 (New eastbound span)

2018 (New westbound span)

New Goethals Bridge from airplane.jpg
Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge Bridge (rail)  China Shanghai and Nanjing 8.5[106] 2006 2011 (construction ended in 2010; opened in 2011)
201603 Danyang-Kunshan grand bridge (wuxi).JPG
Bolshaya Koltsevaya line Rapid transit  Russia Moscow 8.59[107] 2011 2023
Line 11 (Moscow).svg
Seikan Tunnel Tunnel (undersea, rail)  Japan Tsugaru Strait Undefined year "1988"[108] 1971 1988
Seikantunnel - Tsugaru street detail.PNG
Rennes Metro Line B Rapid transit  France Rennes 1.405[109] 2014 2022
Line B in green
 €1.342 billion converted to USD based on average rate for 2022
Paris Métro Line 14 (original segment) Rapid transit  France Paris 1.2682[110] 1993 2007
Paris Metro St Lazare.jpg
Inflation clock starting in 2004
Crossrail 1 Commuter rail, Rapid transit  United Kingdom Greater London 23.0[111] 2007 2023[112]
Crossrail platform at Farringdon.jpg
A new 73m (117 km) railway line in England, serving London, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Essex.

Core section opened May 24, 2022, full integration of routes and completion expected by May 2023.[112]

Regional Connector Light rail tunnel  United States Downtown Los Angeles 1.8[113] 2014 2023 2019 Regional Connector-01.svg
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line Rapid transit  United States New York City 0.06[114] 1900 Complete line: 1908
50th Street IRT Broadway 7th Avenue Line 0919.JPG
Lekki Port Seaport  Nigeria Lekki 1.5[115] 2015 2023
Lekki-Deep-Sea-Port-2023.jpg

Partially completed and open

Project Description Country Location Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion Est. cost (in billions United States dollar ), adjusted for inflation Start of construction Year of completion Image Notes
Confederation Line Rapid transit  Canada Ottawa 5.2[116] 2013[117] Completed
2019 (stage 1)
Expected
2026 (stage 2)
Confederation Line train testing near St. Laurent station, January 2018.jpg
 $2.1 billion + $4.66 billion CA$[116]
Milan Metro Line 4 Rapid transit  Italy Milan Undefined year "2020"[118] 2014[119] Completed

2022 (Phase One)

2023 (Phase Two)

Expected

2024 (Phase Three)

Map showing the M4 line, with a solid blue line depicting Phase 1 and a dotted blue line showing Phases 2 and 3
Map showing the M4 line, with a solid line depicting the already-open route and a dotted line showing the part of the route not yet opened
 Roughly €1.9 billion (As of April 2020).
Lusail Tram Light rail  Qatar Lusail 2.65 (As of 2014)[120] 2016 Completed

2022 (First part of orange line)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Lusail Tram Logo 04.2019.svg
Hyderabad Metro Rapid transit  India Hyderabad 2.4 (As of November 2017)[121] 2012 Completed

2018 (First stretch)

2020 (Second stretch)

Expected

Unclear timeline for rest of lines/stations

Hyderabad Metro Blue Line 14042019.jpg
Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Highway  Indonesia Sumatra 33.2[122] Completed
Several segments at varying times (2019-2022)
Expected
2023, 2024 (Remaining segments)
Trans sumatra map.png
K Line Light rail  United States Los Angeles 2.1[123] 2014 Completed
2022 (first section)
Expected
2024 (rest of line)
K Line Florence Ave.jpg
WestConnex Tunnel (road)  Australia Sydney Template:ToUSD[124] 2015 Completed
Several segments at varying times (2016-2023)
Expected
2023 (Remaining segments)
StPetersInterchangeUC.jpg
($16.8 billion AUD)
Skyline Railway  United States Oʻahu 12.4[125] 2011 Completed
2023 (Phase 1)
Expected
2025 (Phase 2)
2031 (Phase 3)
Honolulu Skyline train.jpg
Sydney Metro Rapid transit  Australia Sydney Undefined year "2022"[126] 2013 Completed
2019 (Phase 1)
Expected
2030 (remaining phases)
Map of Sydney North Western Line and the City and South Western Line overlayed on top of the existing rail network
 AUD $20.5 billion (Stage 1 and 2)[126]
El Insurgente Commuter rail  Mexico State of Mexico; Mexico City Undefined year "2020"[127] 2015 Completed
2023 (Zinacantepec to Lerma)
Expected
2024 (Lerma to Observatorio)
El Insurgente en estación Zinacantepec 7.jpg
Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway Highway  Turkey Tekirdağ to Balıkesir 2[128] 2017 Completed
2023 (Malkara-Lapseki)
Expected
2024 (remaining phases)
Karte KinaliTekirdagCanakkaleBalikesir TR.svg
Lagos Rail Mass Transit Rapid transit, Commuter rail  Nigeria Lagos 3.6[129][130] 2009 Completed
2023 (Blue Line)
Expected
2024 (Red Line)
Marina-front-apapa.jpg
A-1 motorway Highway  Montenegro  Montenegro 3.7[131][132] 2015[133] Completed
2023 (first 43 km section)

Expected
2024 (Andrijevica segment)

A-1 motorway in Montenegro.jpg
(2.77 billion €)

Under construction

Project Description Country Location Approximate cost (in billions USD) Start of construction Planned year of completion Image Notes
Silver Line Commuter rail  United States Dallas 1.9[134] 2020 2025
Cotton Belt Rail Line Map.svg
 Also known as the "Cotton Belt Line"
Purple Line Light rail  United States Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. 3.4[135] 2017 (halted in 2020); resumed in 2022 2027[136]
Map depicting the purple line's route in relation to the Washington Metro's train lines. The map is fairly schematic and not very geographically accurate.
Red & Purple Modernization Rapid transit  United States Chicago 2.1[137] 2019 2025
Red Purple Modernization construction at Lawrence.jpg
Thessaloniki Metro Rapid transit  Greece Thessaloniki 1.83[138] 2006 2024[139]
Thessaloniki Metro Construction 07.JPG
Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link Tunnel (undersea, rail/road)  Denmark,  Germany Fehmarn to Lolland 8.57[140] 2019[140] 2028[140]
Fehmarnbeltbrücke.svg
Lagos-Kano Standard Gauge Railway Railway  Nigeria From Lagos to Kano 8.3[141][142] 2011 TBA
Mobolaji Johnson Station A.jpg
Badagry Deep Sea Port Seaport  Nigeria Badagry 2.3[143] 2024[144] TBA
Fourth Mainland Bridge Bridge (road)  Nigeria Across the lagoon to connect Ikorodu and Lekki 4.2[145] 2024 TBA
4thbridgemap-eng.jpg
California High-Speed Rail High-speed rail  United States California 80.3[146] 2015 2033
(Phase I) 		Lua error in Module:Location_map/multi at line 27: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/California" does not exist.
China Pakistan Economic Corridor Economic corridor  Pakistan,  China Pakistan Gwadar to China Kashgar 65[147] 2015 2030 ChinaPakistanEconomicCorridor.png
Barcelona Metro line 9 Rapid transit line  Spain Barcelona 2009 2027[148] L10 051.JPG (€19bn)
Santiago Metro Line 7 Rapid transit line  Chile Santiago 2.5[149] 2022[150] 2027
Map of Santiago Metro Line 7
Map of the line
Cross River Rail Commuter rail tunnel  Australia Brisbane Undefined year ""[151] 2017 2026[151]
Construction site of new underground Roma Street railway station for Cross River Rail, April 2021 in Brisbane, 02.jpg
AUD $6.3 billion
Metro Tunnel Commuter rail tunnel  Australia Melbourne 9.68[152] 2018 2025
Map of the Metro Tunnel project in Melbourne, new 9km twin rail tunnels running through the CBD with five underground stations. New tunnel is depicted in blue with existing metropolitan rail lines in grey. The new line will connect the Sunbury line in the west with the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines in the east, with a future branch (not depicted) to the airport.
Map of the Metro Tunnel in blue and existing railway lines in grey
 AUD $12.58 billion
Suburban Rail Loop Rapid transit  Australia Melbourne 23.85-44.62[153] 2022 2035-2053[lower-alpha 1]
The map of the Suburban Rail Loop East (Lime, Cyan, Orange and Green) placed on top of the Victorian Train Map post Metro Tunnel (Grey and Purple)
 AUD $31–58 billion
NHDP/ Bharatmala Highway upgrade  India  India 207.6 (total)

(NHDP: Undefined year "2007", 64.6 in 2023)[154]

(Bharatmala: Undefined year "2022")[155]

2000 2018: (NHDP)

2026: Bharatmala Phase I[156]

Phase II was set to start in 2024, but now is uncertain[157]

NH 47 between Coimbatore and Salem in Tamil Nadu, India.
 (INR 4.5 trillion).This project was partially completed by 2018 and was then subsumed under the Bharatmala project.
Agua Negra Tunnel Tunnel (road)  Argentina,  Chile Argentina San Juan, Argentina, & Chile Coquimbo Region 1.5[158] 2018 2027
Proyecto tunel agua negra.jpg
Fastracks Light rail, Commuter rail  United States Denver 6.5[159] 2006 2044
Denver RTD Rail Map.png
City Rail Link Commuter rail  New Zealand Auckland

</ref>

2015 2025
CBD Tunnel Landsat 7 Image Auckland.jpg
(NZD$5.5bn)
Line 5 Eglinton Light rail  Canada Toronto 9.86[160] 2010 2024
Line 5 Eglinton route.svg
Grand Paris Express Rapid transit  France Île-de-France (Paris region) Undefined year "2020"[161] 2016 2030 Grand paris express.svg 4 new lines, 200 km, 72 new stations
Scarborough Subway Extension Rapid transit  Canada Toronto 3[162] 2022 2029-2030
Scarborough Subway Extension Construction.jpg
Ohio River Bridges Project Bridges and interchange reconfiguration  United States Louisville metropolitan area 2.3[163] 2014 2024
2020 4BandImagery Indiana J874808.jpg
Tehran-Shomal Freeway, 121 km Highway  Iran Tehran Province and Mazandaran Province 1.7[164] 1996 2024?

(sections 1,2, & 4 are already complete)

Tehran-Shomal.png
 (HUF 452bn)
Stuttgart 21 Railway & Urban Development  Germany Stuttgart Undefined year "2021"[165] 2010 2025
Map Stuttgart 21 outer.svg
 €9.15 billion[165]
Birmingham Northern Beltline (I-422) Highway  United States Birmingham, Alabama 5.4[166] 2014 2047
I-422 (Future).svg
Brenner Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  Austria,  Italy Austria Innsbruck to Italy Franzensfeste 11[167] 2008 2032
Brenner Base Tunnel Aicha-Mauls.jpg
Koralm Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  Austria Styria / Carinthia Undefined year "2020"[168] 2009 2026
Karte Koralmtunnel.png
(€5.4 bn)
Semmering Base Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  Austria Lower Austria / Styria Undefined year "2021"[169] 2012 2024
Semmering-Basistunnel.png
(€3.9 bn)
Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor High-Speed Rail  India From Ahmedabad to Mumbai 20[170] 2019 2026 (partial), 2027 (complete)
Map high-speed line Mumbai–Ahmedabad.png
(₹1.6 lakh crore)
Sagarmala Seaport  India Coastal areas of India Undefined year "2022"[171] 2017 2035 (₹6.5 lakh crore, only counting current projects)
Réseau express métropolitain Light rail, Rapid transit  Canada Montreal 5.7[172] 2018 2025[173]
Stations REM.png
67 km of rails, 26 stations, automated light metro. Cost estimated in June 2021 to be $CDN 6.9bn; in June 2021, that was equivalent to $USD 5.7bn.
High Speed 2 High Speed Railway  United Kingdom England 106.4[174] 2017[175] 2033 UK High Speed 2 rail map.png 330 mi/530 km of High Speed track,[176] 5 stations and West Coast Mainline integration
Northern Powerhouse Rail Railway & Urban renewal  United Kingdom England 39[177] 2018[178] 2026 HS3-2017-map.png Links Liverpool, Sheffield, Kingston-upon-Hull & Newcastle-upon-Tyne to High Speed 2.
Link light rail 2 Line Light rail line  United States Eastside King County, Washington 3.7[179] 2016 2025 East Link tracks and catenary on East Channel Bridge, July 2019.jpg
Bogotá Metro

(line 1)

Rapid transit  Colombia Bogotá 4.5[180] 2020 2028
MetroBogota20182.png
Brussels Metro line 3 Rapid transit  Belgium Brussels 1.86[181] 2020[182] 2030
STIB M3 plan.png
Chūō Shinkansen High-speed rail, Maglev  Japan  Japan 64.35[183] (As of May 2021) 2014 Unknown[184]
Tel Aviv Light Rail Light rail  Israel Tel Aviv Undefined year "2021"[185][186] 2011 2028
Tel Aviv Red Line Map-HE.png
 NIS18.8 billion
Tel Aviv Metro Rapid transit  Israel Tel Aviv metro area 39.4[187] 2025 2032
Tel Aviv Rapid Transit Network.png
Panama Metro Line 3 Rapid transit line (monorail)  Panama Panama City 2.7154[188] 2021 2025
Alstom Metropolis trainset - Metro de Panama.jpg
The Panamanian balboa is tied to the United States dollar .
Millennium Line Broadway Extension ("Broadway Subway Project") Rapid transit  Canada Vancouver 2.35[189] 2021[189] 2026[190]
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
Map showing the extension along Broadway in relation to existing lines and surface streets
 Cost estimated in May 2021 to be 2,830,000,000 Canadian dollars; in roughly May 2021, that was roughly equivalent to 2,350,000,000 United States dollars.
Penn Station Access Commuter rail  United States New York City and Westchester County, New York 2.87[191] 2022 2027
Penn Station Access Map.png
South Coast Rail Commuter rail  United States Southeastern Massachusetts 3.42[192] 2019[193] 2030
South Coast Rail map.svg
Trillium Line Expansion Light rail  Canada Ottawa 3.5[194] 2019 2024
South Keys Station (OC Transpo).JPG
4.72 billion CAD
Bangkok–Nong Khai high-speed railway High-speed rail  Thailand  Thailand 4.65[195] 2020 2026
CR300AF-0003位于北京环形铁道.jpg
179 billion baht (As of October 2022)
Oslo Metro Line T6 Rapid transit line  Norway Oslo and Bærum 1.57[196] 2020 2027
Oslo T-bane Logo.svg
Cost is (As of January 2017)
Caltrain Modernization Program (CalMod) Commuter rail  United States San Francisco Bay Area 2.44[197] 2017 2024
Caltrain electric infrastructure in Palo Alto.jpg
Lima Metro Line 2 Rapid transit  Peru Lima 5.8[198] 2014 2025
Line 2 in yellow
Line 4 (Athens Metro) Rapid transit  Greece Athens Undefined year "2021" 2021 2029-30
Athens metro Katechaki shaft 3-2023.jpg
€1.6 billion[199]
Cairo Metro Line 3, Phase 3 Rapid transit  Egypt Cairo Undefined year "2021"[200] 2023 (last extensions)
Line 3 shown in green
 Entire Line 3 costs more
São Paulo Metro, Line 6 Rapid transit  Brazil Greater São Paulo 2.6[201] Resumed in 2020 2025
Visita às obras da linha 6 Laranja do Metrô (51384273551).jpg
Toulouse Metro, Line C Rapid transit  France Toulouse Métropole 3.65[202] 2022 2028
Metro Line C shown in green
 €3.4 billion as of February 7, 2023
Abidjan Metro Rapid transit  Ivory Coast Abidjan 1.46[203] 2022 2025
Tracé train urbain d'Abidjan.jpg
€1.36 billion as of December 20, 2022
Ho Chi Minh City Metro, Line 1 Rapid transit  Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City 2.5[204] 2012 2023[204]
Line 1 in red; remaining lines in planning stage or on hold
Vienna U-Bahn, U2xU5 Project Rapid transit  Austria Vienna Undefined year "2021"[205] 2018[206] 2030
Map of metro after project concludes in 2030
Riyadh Metro Rapid transit  Saudi Arabia Riyadh 22.5 (As of July 2013)[207] 2014 2024
Riyadhmetro.jpg
There were disputes regarding at least $1 billion in 2022; (As of January 2023), it is unclear if/how that affected the overall cost.[208]
Xiong'an–Xinzhou high-speed railway High-speed rail  China Xiong'an–Xinzhou 8.86[209] 2022 2027
CRH5A-5018@NXH (20180815121611).jpg
Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway Railway  Tanzania Tanzania At least 7.6[210] 2017 Unclear (does vary based on phase)
Tanzania SGR plans.jpg
Portal Bridge replacement Bridge (rail)  United States New Jersey 1.5[211] 2022 2025 (first line of track)[212]
Bridge to be replaced
Rogfast Tunnel (road)  Norway Rogaland Undefined year "2020"[213] 2018 (paused 2019; unclear if/when resumed, but it is still expected to be constructed) 2033
Oversiktstegning Rogfast mai 2017.pdf
Gordie Howe International Bridge Bridge (road)  United States,  Canada Detroit to Windsor, Ontario 5.4[214] 2018 2025
Howe Bridge supports (Detroit 06-2021).jpg
D Line Extension Rapid transit  United States Greater Los Angeles 9.5[215] 2014 (Section 1)
2018 (Section 2)
2021 (Section 3) 		2027 (final section: Section 3)[215]
WestsideMetro.svg
Belgrade Metro Rapid transit  Serbia Belgrade 5.35[216] 2021 2028
Metro proposal 2018.jpg
Ontario Line Rapid transit  Canada Toronto 7.3-8.7[217] 2022 2031
Ontario Line route.svg
16 km, 15 stop line with at-grade, elevated and underground sections operated with driverless trains.[218]
São Paulo Metro Line 2 extension Rapid transit  Brazil São Paulo 1.4[219] 2020 2026
Metrô-SP icon.svg
Valley Metro Rail: South Central Extension Light rail  United States Phoenix, Arizona 1.35[220] 2019 2024
Phoenix Exterior Bridge.2008.jpg
Hamburg U5 Rapid transit  Germany Hamburg 1.75[221] 2022 2030
U5 shown in red and purple
Project Connect Public transit[lower-alpha 2]  United States Austin, Texas 10.3 for the light rail components; unclear for the rest[222] 2021 Unclear
Projectconnectmap.png
Measure approved by Austin voters. Construction of at least one bus rapid transit corridor has begun; light rail construction has not begun.
Hampton Roads Bridge–Tunnel Expansion Project Bridge–tunnel (road)  United States Hampton Roads (Virginia) 3.9[223] 2020 2025
HRBT.jpg
Frederick Douglass Tunnel Tunnel (rail)  United States Baltimore 6[224] 2023 2033
Presidential Visit to the B&P Tunnel (52659887736).jpg
Replacement for old Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel)

Suspended or abandoned

Project Description Country Location Status (suspended or abandoned) Approximate cost (in billions USD) and year of cost estimate Start of construction Year suspended Image Notes
Northern Latitudinal Railway Railway  Russia Labytnangi (Obskaya) - Korotchaevo Suspended 3.03 (2018)[225] 2018 2022

Proposed

Project Description Location Approximate cost (in billions USD) Proposed start of construction Proposed year of completion Notes
Great Istanbul Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel Turkey Istanbul, Turkey 3.5[226] TBD TBD After Marmaray and Eurasia Tunnel's, it will be the third tunnel to connect Istanbul's sides.
Arctic Railway Railway  Finland,  Norway 3.42[227] TBD TBD A connecting line between Kirkenes port and the Finnish railway network.
Bridge of the Horns Bridge (rail/road)  Djibouti,  Yemen 20 TBD TBD A bridge across the Red Sea.
Crossrail 2 Railway, Commuter rail, Rapid transit United Kingdom Greater London, United Kingdom 49.36 in 2014 money[228] 2023 2030s[citation needed] A new railway line in England, serving London, Surrey & Hertfordshire to interlink with Crossrail (above).
Helsinki City Rail Loop Commuter Rail  Finland 1.77[229] TBD TBD An underground rail loop in Helsinki.
Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel Railway, Undersea tunnel  Finland,  Estonia 17.7[230] TBD TBD
Irish Sea Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  United Kingdom 19.23[231] TBD TBD A proposed bridge between Scotland and Northern Ireland, supported by the Johnson ministry.[232]
Lentorata Railway tunnel  Finland 6.49[233] 2030 TBD An airport rail link for Helsinki Airport.
Malacca Strait Bridge Bridge (road)  Indonesia,  Malaysia 14[234] TBD TBD A proposed 48 kilometer bridge over the Strait of Malacca.
MetroLink (Dublin) Rapid transit Republic of Ireland Greater Dublin Area, Ireland 9.83[235] 2025 2031-2034
Saudi–Egypt Causeway Causeway  Saudi Arabia,  Egypt 4 TBD TBD
Strait of Messina Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Italy 6.6 TBD TBD
Sunda Strait Bridge Bridge (rail/road)  Indonesia 18.87[236] TBD TBD The project has been indefinitely postponed.[237]
Singapore Strait crossing Tunnel (undersea)  Singapore,  Indonesia TBD TBD TBD A proposed tunnel between Singapore and Indonesia.
Qatar–Bahrain Causeway Causeway  Qatar,  Bahrain 5 TBD TBD
Brightline West High-speed rail United States California and Nevada 10[238] 2023 2027
Texas Central Railway High-speed rail United States Texas 5.9 TBD TBD Would operate between Dallas and Houston, with a stop in the Brazos Valley region
LinkUS Rapid transit United States Columbus, Ohio 8[239] 2024 2030 Cost includes three rapid-transit corridors set to open by 2030, and two more by 2050.[239][240]
Second Avenue Subway, Phase 2 Rapid transit United States New York City 6.39[241] TBD TBD Project was moved to the engineering stage in January 2022.[242]
Gateway Tunnel Tunnel (rail) United States New York City to New Jersey (Hudson River) 16.1[243] TBD TBD
Interborough Express Light rail United States New York City 5.5[244] (in 2027 dollars)[245] TBD TBD New light rail line, built largely along existing tracks, connecting Brooklyn and Queens. Still in planning stages.
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail Expansion Light rail Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3[246] 2023 2025 (at least first sections) Would add 145.5 km (90.4 mi) to existing light rail network
Bagamoyo Port Seaport Tanzania Bagamoyo, Tanzania 10[247] 2023
Valparaíso–Santiago rail replacement Railway Chile Valparaíso and Santiago, Chile 1.32[248] 2025 2030
D2 Subway Light rail United States Dallas TBD 2028
City Centre–Māngere Line Light rail  New Zealand 8.7[249] TBD TBD In the detailed planning phase. Would connect Auckland Airport to the CBD, terminating at Wynyard Quarter

Airport projects

Airport Primary market(s) served Country IATA Code Type of project Passengers (total) Year completed Est. cost (in billions USD) at or near time of completion Est. cost (in billions United States dollar ), adjusted for inflation
Abu Dhabi International Airport Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates AUH New airport 20,000,000 1982 6.8
Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas International Airport Terminals 4 and 4S Madrid  Spain MAD New terminals 57,891,340 2006 8.7
Al Maktoum International Airport Dubai  United Arab Emirates DWC New airport 410,278 (expected: 260 million) 2010 32
Athens International Airport Athens  Greece ATH New airport 16,225,885 2001 3
Auckland Airport Auckland  New Zealand AKL New terminal, new runway 2028-2029 (expected) 2.4[250]
Bahrain International Airport expansion Bahrain  Bahrain BAH New terminal 2021 1.1[251]
Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 Beijing  China PEK New terminal 50,000,000 2008 3.8[252]
Beijing Daxing International Airport Beijing  China PKX New airport 25,051,012 2019 17
Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport Berlin  Germany BER New airport 28,000,000 (expected)[253] 2020 10 ((As of 2018))[254]
Central Transport Hub Warsaw  Poland N/A ≈45,000,000 (expected) 2027 (expected) 4.2-5.0 (expected, without rail component and road component)
Changi Airport Terminal 3 Singapore  Singapore SIN New terminal 22,000,000 2008 1.4[255]
Changi Airport Terminal 4 Singapore  Singapore SIN New terminal 65,628,000 2017 1[256]
Charles de Gaulle Airport Paris  France CDG New airport 26,196,575 (As of 2021)[257] 1973 0.27[258]
Chengdu Tianfu International Airport Chengdu  China TFU New airport 4,354,758 (As of 2021) 2021 10.8[259]
Chennai greenfield airport, Parandur Chennai  India N/A New airport 100,000,000 (expected) Unclear 2.5 (₹20,000 crore)[260]
Ciudad Real Central Airport Ciudad Real  Spain CQM New airport Ceased operations in 2012 (expected: 10 million) 2009 1.41
Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport: International Terminal Santiago  Chile SCL New terminal 30,000,000 2022[261] 0.99
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex  United States DFW New airport 62,465,756 (As of 2021) 1973 0.7[262]
Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Terminal F; overhaul Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex  United States DFW New terminal; terminal expansion; renovations 2028 or 2033 (expected) 4.8[263]
Denver International Airport Denver  United States DEN New airport 50,167,485 1995 4.8[264]
Dubai International Airport Terminal 3 Dubai  United Arab Emirates DXB New terminal 2008 4.5[265]
Felipe Ángeles International Airport Mexico City  Mexico NLU New airport 2022 Undefined year "2021"[266]
George Bush Intercontinental Airport, international terminal construction Houston  United States IAH Terminal redevelopment and/or expansion Unclear 1.2[267] ((As of October 2019))
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport Guangzhou  China CAN New airport 59,732,147 2004 Undefined year "2004"
Hamad International Airport Doha  Qatar DOH New airport 2014 15.5[268]
Harry Reid International Airport (then McCarran International Airport), Terminal 3 Las Vegas  United States LAS New terminal 2012 2.4[269]
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Terminal 3 Dhaka  Bangladesh DAC New terminal Additional 12,000,000 (expected) 2.65[270] ((As of 2019))
Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong HKG
Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 London  United Kingdom LHR New terminal 32,100,000 (As of 2018) 2008 Template:To USD/data/2008[271]
Incheon International Airport Seoul  South Korea ICN New airport 28,677,161 2001 (Phase 1)

2008 (Phase 2)

2017 (Phase 3)

5 (Phase 1)

2.6 (Phase 2)

3.54 (Phase 3)

7 (Phase 1)

3.1 (Phase 2)

3.7 (Phase 3)

Istanbul Airport Istanbul  Turkey IST New airport 52,578,008[272] 2018 29 (including side projects)[273]
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal One New York City  United States JFK New terminal Expected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2030 (Full completion)

9.5[274]
John F. Kennedy International Airport, (New) Terminal 6 New York City  United States JFK New terminal Expected:

2026 (Phase 1)

2028 (Full completion)

4.2 (Phase 1)[275]
Kansai International Airport Osaka  Japan KIX New airport 27,987,564 1994 20 ((As of 2008)) 23.8 (starting inflation calculation in 2008)
Kansas City International Airport Kansas City  United States MCI New terminal (replacement) 2023 1.5[276]
Kertajati International Airport Majalengka Regency  Indonesia KJT New airport 29,000,000 (expected) 2018 15
King Abdulaziz International Airport Jeddah  Saudi Arabia JED New airport 18,000,000 1981 7.2[277]
King Shaka International Airport Durban  South Africa DUR New airport 7,500,000 2010 1
Kuala Lumpur International Airport Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia KUL New airport 52,643,511 1998 3.5
Kualanamu International Airport Medan  Indonesia KNO New airport 12,245,116 2013 4.4[278]
Kuwait International Airport, Terminal 2 Kuwait City  Kuwait KWI New terminal 25,000,000 additional passengers (estimated) 2024 (expected) 5[279]
LaGuardia Airport New York City  United States LGA Renovation 15,601,063 2025 (expected) 8[280]
Long Thanh International Airport Ho Chi Minh City  Vietnam N/A New airport 100,000,000 (expected) 2025 (expected) 10
Los Angeles International Airport Los Angeles  United States LAX Renovation and expansion 14
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport (new terminal) New Orleans  United States MSY New terminal 2019 1.3[281]
Manchester Airport Transformation Programme Manchester  United Kingdom MAN New terminal 2025 (expected) 1.6[282] (equivalent to £1.3 billion (As of February 2023))
Munich Airport Munich  Germany MUC New airport 1992 5.17[283]
Nashville International Airport, BNA Vision Nashville, Tennessee  United States BNA Airport overhaul[lower-alpha 3] 2023 (expected) 1.5[284]
Nashville International Airport, New Horizon Nashville, Tennessee  United States BNA Terminal expansion; other improvements[lower-alpha 4] 2028 (expected) 1.4[285]
Navi Mumbai International Airport Mumbai  India NMU New airport 60,000,000 (expected) 2024 (expected) 2
New Islamabad International Airport Islamabad  Pakistan IBD New airport 5,140,585 2018 3.91
New Lisbon Airport Lisbon  Portugal N/A 50,000,000 (expected) 2035 (expected) 4.5
New Mexico City International Airport Mexico City  Mexico Ceased operations in 2018 (expected: 125 million) 2018 13
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal A Newark, New Jersey; New York City  United States EWR Terminal replacement 2023 2.7[286]
Newark Liberty International Airport Terminal C Newark, New Jersey; New York City  United States EWR Terminal renovation and expansion 33,399,207 2003 1.2
O'Hare International Airport Chicago  United States ORD Expansion 2028 (expected) 8.7[287] ((As of March 2019))
Orlando International Airport, Terminal C Orlando, Florida  United States MCO New terminal 2022 2.8[288]
Salt Lake City International Airport Salt Lake City  United States SLC Renovation and expansion 2024 (expected) 4.1[289] ((As of January 2020))
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, replacement terminal Shenzhen  China SZX Terminal replacement 2013 1.4[290]
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, third runway Shenzhen  China SZX New runway 2025 (expected) 1.76[291]
Suvarnabhumi Airport Bangkok  Thailand BKK 55,892,428 2006 3.8 5
Taoyuan International Airport Terminal 3 Taipei  Taiwan TPE New terminal First stage: 2024 (expected)[292] 3.13 ((As of November 2022))[293]
Western Sydney Airport Sydney  Australia WSI (provisional) New airport 10,000,000 (initially) 82,000,000 (by 2036) 2026 (expected) 3.3

  • Kansai International Airport

  • Los Angeles International Airport

  • John F. Kennedy Airport

  • Hartsfield-Jackson Airport, the busiest in the world.

  • Heathrow Airport, London

  • O'Hare Airport

  • Denver International Airport

  • Terminal 3 at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Notes

  1. ↑ SRL East 2035
    SRL North 2043-2053
  2. ↑ This plan includes multiple light rail lines, a new commuter rail line, and multiple bus rapid transit routes.
  3. ↑ The project includes terminal lobby renovation, an international arrivals facility (including six new international gates and a new Customs and Border Protection area), a new tarmac terminal apron and taxilane expansion, an on-airport hotel and corresponding garage, a satellite concourse, the creation of Concourse D, multiple new terminal garages, and roadway updates to accommodate the changes.
  4. ↑ The project includes expanding multiple concourses, as well as constructing a new air freight building, making terminal roadway improvements, and making baggage system handling improvements.

References

  1. ↑ Flyvbjerg, Bent (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management. Oxford University Press. pp. 2. ISBN 978-0198732242. 
  2. ↑ Briginshaw, David (October 10, 2014). "Shinkansen: half a century of speed". International Railway Journal. https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/shinkansen-half-a-century-of-speed/. 
  3. ↑ "Landmark Canakkale bridge to be completed in 2022". January 19, 2019. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/invesments/landmark-canakkale-bridge-to-be-completed-in-2022/23125. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 SCMP Editorial (May 11, 2022). "Sha Tin-Central link must lead to costly lessons being learned". South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3177362/sha-tin-central-link-must-lead-costly-lessons-being-learned. 
  5. ↑ "Colombia opens South America's longest road tunnel" (in en-US). Reuters. 2020-09-05. https://www.reuters.comarticle/idUSKBN25W046/. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "DfT evaluation strategy and programme 2022" (in en). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dft-monitoring-and-evaluation-programme/dft-evaluation-strategy-and-programme-2022. 
  7. ↑ Grace, Amanda (January 17, 2019). "Seattle tunnel construction avoided costly mistakes of Boston's Big Dig". https://www.king5.com/amp/article/news/local/seattle-tunnel-construction-avoided-costly-mistakes-of-bostons-big-dig/281-508ef2fe-9892-4b95-873b-c57339cb6482. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Newman, Ian Thomson (2017-12-01). "Chilean capital's metro network enters an era of expansion: Santiago is already home to South America's most extensive metro, and with two new lines nearing completion and a third planned, the network is set to expand to eight lines totalling 174km" (in English). International Railway Journal 57 (12): 24–27. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=07445326&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA523062214&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 International2023-10-17T11:00:00+01:00, Metro Report. "Santiago metro Line 3 reaches Plaza Quilicura" (in en). https://www.railwaygazette.com/metros/santiago-metro-line-3-reaches-plaza-quilicura/65119.article. 
  10. ↑ Newman, Ian Thomson (December 15, 2017). "Chilean capital's metro network enters an era of expansion". International Railway Journal. https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/chilean-capitals-metro-network-enters-an-era-of-expansion/. 
  11. ↑ Bennett, Mia (May 18, 2018). "The Cost of the Bridge to Crimea". https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/the-cost-of-the-bridge-to-crimea#gs.O17sajM. 
  12. ↑ "Xinhua Headlines: World's longest cross-sea bridge opens, integrating China's Greater Bay Area". October 23, 2018. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-10/23/c_137553194.htm. 
  13. ↑ Campbell, Jon (November 22, 2019). "Tappan Zee builders claim state owes them an extra $900M for bridge project". lohud. https://www.lohud.com/story/news/2019/11/22/tappan-zee-builders-claim-state-owes-money/4270436002/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Officials finally inaugurate Jerusalem-Tel Aviv fast train to 'connect country'". 18 December 2019. https://www.timesofisrael.com/officials-finally-inaugurate-jerusalem-tel-aviv-fast-train-to-connect-country/. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Abuja Light Rail 84 per cent complete – Official". Premium Times. January 18, 2017. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/220811-abuja-light-rail-84-per-cent-complete-official.html. 
  16. ↑ "China Exim Bank to bankroll $1.79bn Abuja light rail - The Sun News". March 23, 2017. http://sunnewsonline.com/china-exim-bank-to-bankroll-1-79bn-abuja-light-rail/. 
  17. ↑ "Finish Amsterdam metro line, committee advises". NRC Handelsblad. June 4, 2009. http://vorige.nrc.nl/international/article2260797.ece/Finish_Amsterdam_metro_line%2C_committee_advises. 
  18. ↑ "Archives". thestar.com.my. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/12/19/nation/7652655&sec=nation. 
  19. ↑ "8ος ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ ΜΕ ΤΑ ΜΕΓΑΛΑ ΕΡΓΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ, Σεπτέμβριος 2014, O ΠΙΝΑΚΑΣ". ypodomes.com. http://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/alles-upodomes/afieromata/item/26931-8%CE%BF%CF%82-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%83-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CF%84%CE%B1-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1-%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B1-%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82-2014-o-%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83. 
  20. ↑ Unal, Arife Yildiz (August 1, 2019). "New Istanbul-Izmir highway cuts travel time in half". https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/new-istanbul-izmir-highway-cuts-travel-time-in-half/1547021. 
  21. ↑ "Gebze-Izmir Motorway Project - Verdict Traffic". https://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/gebze-izmir-motorway-project/. 
  22. ↑ "BMVI - Verkehrsprojekte Deutsche Einheit" (in de). http://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/K/deutscheeinheit_rueckblick_bilanz.html. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Mount, Ian (April 30, 2014). "In Spain, government-backed trains overtake planes". http://fortune.com/2014/04/30/in-spain-government-backed-trains-overtake-planes/. 
  24. ↑ "İçtaş-Astaldi win third Bosphorus bridge bid". Hürriyet Daily News. May 30, 2012. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ictas-astaldi-win-third-bosphorus-bridge-bid.aspx?pageID=238&nid=21881. 
  25. ↑ Schlosser, Kurt (March 30, 2016). "Inside the world's longest floating bridge: How engineers made Seattle's new Lake Washington span bigger, better and safer". https://www.geekwire.com/2016/behind-scenes-520-floating-bridge/. 
  26. ↑ "Eurasia Tunnel Project, Istanbul, Turkey". https://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/projects/eurasia-tunnel-project-istanbul/. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Thomas Müller; Isidor Baumann (29 April 2016). "Oberaufsicht über den Bau der Neat im Jahre 2015: Bericht der Neat-Aufsichtsdelegation der eidgenössischen Räte zuhanden der Finanzkommissionen, der Geschäftsprüfungskommissionen und der Kommissionen für Verkehr und Fernmeldewesen" (in de, fr, it). Bundesblatt (NRLA supervisory board of the federal councils) 2016 (16.005): 6686. BBl 2016 6665 (-6732). http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/federal-gazette/2016/6665.pdf. Retrieved 24 November 2023. 
  28. ↑ Golding, Bruce (March 24, 2014). "All-white new WTC transit hub costs a mint to clean". New York Post. https://nypost.com/2014/03/24/all-white-new-wtc-transit-hub-costs-a-mint-to-clean/. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Účet za Blanku bude 43 miliard korun - Novinky" (in cs). https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-ucet-za-blanku-bude-43-miliard-korun-266770. 
  30. ↑ "Russia's $9.4B road to Sochi latest in long line of Olympic boondoggles". Fox News. February 7, 2014. http://www.foxnews.com/sports/2014/02/07/sochi-olympic-price-tag-soars-critic-slams-road-that-could-have-been-paved-with/. 
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  32. ↑ "M4 main information". 2012. http://www.metro4.hu/m4_fobb_adatok.php?lang_id=en. 
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  277. ↑ Jed-airport.com
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  279. ↑ De Brito, Claudia (November 8, 2021). "Kuwait Airport to undergo US$8.2 billion redevelopment". Connecting Travel. https://www.connectingtravel.com/news/kuwait-airport-to-undergo-us8-2-billion-redevelopment. 
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  282. ↑ Britton, Paul (January 25, 2023). "Lift-off for final £440m transformation of Manchester Airport's T2". Manchester Evening News. https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/lift-off-for-final-440m-26055197. 
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  284. ↑ Schleicher, Rebecca (June 13, 2022). "Exclusive: a look inside the Nashville International Airport renovation". News Channel 5 Nashville. https://www.newschannel5.com/news/exclusive-a-look-inside-the-nashville-international-airport-renovation. 
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