Engineering:Explorer 30

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Short description: NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Explorer 30
SOLRAD 8.jpg
Explorer 30 satellite
NamesSolrad 8
Solrad VIII
Solar Explorer-A [1]
Mission typeSolar physics
OperatorNASA / NRL
COSPAR ID1965-093A
SATCAT no.01738
Mission duration21 months (planned)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftExplorer XXX
Spacecraft typeSolar Explorer
BusSOLRAD
ManufacturerNaval Research Laboratory
Launch mass56.7 kg (125 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date19 November 1965,
04:48:27 GMT[2]
RocketScout X-4 (S-138R)
Launch siteWallops Flight Facility, LA-3
ContractorVought
Entered service19 November 1965
End of mission
Last contactAugust 1967
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[3]
RegimeCircular orbit
Perigee altitude704 km (437 mi)
Apogee altitude891 km (554 mi)
Inclination59.70°
Period100.80 minutes
Instruments
Solar X-Ray and Ultraviolet Monitor
Explorer program
 

Explorer 30, also SOLRAD 8 or SE-A, was a NASA satellite was one of the SOLRAD (Solar Radiation) program that began in 1960 to provide continuous coverage of solar radiation with a set of standard photometers. Explorer 30 was a spin-stabilized satellite oriented with its spin axis perpendicular to the Sun-satellite line so that the 14 solar X-ray, and ultraviolet photometers pointing radially outward from its equatorial belt viewed the Sun on each revolution. Data were transmitted in real time by means of an FM / AM the satellite's telemetry system and were recorded by the stations on the Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN) tracking network.[1]

Eclipse 1966

The satellite observed the solar eclipse on 20 May 1966.[4] This observation may have been the first observation of a solar eclipse by an artificial satellite.[4]

Mission

The satellite performed normally, except for the spin system, which failed to maintain 60 rpm (at spin rates below 10 rpm data reduction became difficult). The spin rate gradually decreased to 4 rpm on 12 September 1966. At that time, ground command succeeded in reactivating spinup to 78 rpm, which exhausted the gas supply. From this point, the spin rate gradually decreased to 10 rpm in August 1967, when data collection was substantially decreased.[1]

Experiment

Solar X-Ray and Ultraviolet Monitor

This experiment was designed to monitor solar X-ray and ultraviolet emissions with a set of standardized detectors so that the data could be compared directly with that produced by other experiments in the SOLRAD series. Eight ion chambers and two Geiger counters covering the spectral regions from 0.5 A to 60 A and 1080 A to 1350 A were mounted perpendicular to the satellite spin axis. Analog outputs from the detectors were transmitted continuously on six IRIG telemetry channels. The experiment provided good data for all detectors from 27 November 1965 to 24 August 1967, with the following exceptions: (1) the Lyman-alpha detector and the UV detectors were saturated for normal aspect angles, (2) the core memory failed at launch so that the data were collected in real-time telemetry only, and (3) a gradual decrease in spin rate caused the aspect angle to drift away from normal in the second year of operation.[5]

See also

  • Explorer program

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Display: Explorer 30 (Solrad 8) 1965-093A". NASA. 28 October 2021. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1965-093A.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. 21 July 2021. https://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt. 
  3. "Trajectory: Explorer 30 (Solrad 8) 1965-093A". NASA. 28 October 2021. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1965-093A.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Landini, M.; Russo, D.; Tagliaferri, G. L. (1966). "Solar Eclipse of 20 May 1966, observed by the Solrad 8 Satellite in X-ray and Ultraviolet Bands". Nature 211 (5047): 393. doi:10.1038/211393a0. Bibcode1966Natur.211..393L. 
  5. "Experiment: Solar X-Ray and Ultraviolet Monitor". NASA. 28 October 2021. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=1965-093A-01.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.