Engineering:Electrically-assisted turbocharger
An electrically-assisted turbocharger (EAT) is an arrangement where an electric motor assists the gas-driven turbocharger in providing forced induction, particular at times when exhaust gas flow is insufficient to produce the desired boost.[1] Some systems integrate the motor inside a turbocharger, while others use a separate electric supercharger.
Systems
BorgWarner
BorgWarner tested the idea in the 1990s, but never produced a part for production vehicles because of high power consumption, until the Mercedes-Benz M256 engine (2017), which used a 48-volt electrical system.[2]
(As of January 2023), BorgWarner markets two EAT solutions: a standalone "electric compressor" (i.e. supercharger) named eBooster and a turbocharger with a single-shaft motor attached named eTurbo.[3]
Garrett Motion
In October 2019, Garrett Motion announced its first electric turbocharger for market passenger vehicles, with expected launch in 2021.[4] The design adds an electric motor between the turbocharger's turbine wheel and compressor wheel.
The 2023 Mercedes-AMG SL 43 convertible uses the Mercedes-Benz M139 engine, which features the integrated Garrett Motio EAT.[5]
Volkswagen TDI
The TDI line used by the Audi brand has seen 4.0 V8 TDI 310-320kW, used on the Audi SQ7 and more. It has 2 turbochargers and 1 electric supercharger.[6]
Volvo
In 2010, Volvo started to experiment with electrically-assisted turbochargers. The result was unveiled in 2014, a 450hp 2.0L High Performance Drive-E Powertrain Concept engine, which used a 48-volt electrical system for the electric booster. The engine has three turbos, with the electric "turbo" driving the exhaust turbines of the twin-turbo.[7] Despite initial reports that the Volvo XC90 T6 would have an related improvement,[8] only the 2016 Volvo XC90 T8 actually received a Twin Engine starter-generator-supercharger in addition to the mechanical twincharger arrangement.[9]
In 2019, Volvo reiterated plans to replace the mechanical supercharger with an electric one.[10]
Abandoned
In the late 1990s, Turbodyne also investigated EAT designs.[11]
Related devices
An electric supercharger also uses an electric motor to power the compressor, however the electric motor is the sole power source in an electric supercharger.
A turbocharger that can divert some of the exhaust gas to produce electricity (using the vehicle's alternator) is sometimes called a hybrid turbocharger.[12]
References
- ↑ "Electric Boost". https://www.autospeed.com/cms/a_111469/article.
- ↑ "A Little Fan That Fixes the Turbocharger's Biggest Problem". http://www.wired.com/2017/04/little-fan-fixes-turbochargers-biggest-problem/.
- ↑ "Electric Boosting Technologies". https://www.borgwarner.com/technologies/electric-boosting-technologies.
- ↑ "Garrett To Launch Industry's First Electric Turbo". http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/garrett-to-launch-industrys-first-electric-turbo-300940132.html.
- ↑ "Nerd’s Eye View: Mercedes AMG M139 Engine with E-turbo and Liquid Immersion Battery Cooling". 11 April 2021. https://motoiq.com/nerds-eye-view-mercedes-amg-m139-engine-with-e-turbo-and-liquid-immersion-battery-cooling/.
- ↑ V8-Diesel im Audi SQ7: Zukunft, Konkurrenz - Fette Acht statt sechs in Reihe
- ↑ "Volvo's Drive-E Engine Family Adds Triple-Boosted 4 Cylinder Concept". 7 October 2014. https://www.enginelabs.com/news/volvos-drive-e-engine-family-adds-triple-boosted-4-cylinder-concept/.
- ↑ "Volvo Bets Its Future on Small, Turbocharged Engines". http://www.wired.com/2014/10/volvo-turbo-engine-concept/. "The 2016 XC90 (on sale early next year) is the first of this new generation of Volvos. It’s powered by a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine with a turbocharger and a supercharger."
- ↑ "Volvo Cars introduces Twin Engine technology in world's most powerful and cleanest SUV". www.media.volvocars.com (Press release). Volvo Car Corporation. 8 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2017-11-07.
- ↑ "Volvo to Start Using Electric Superchargers" (in en-us). 17 May 2019. https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a27507536/volvo-supercharger-discontinuing-for-e-charger/.
- ↑ "AlliedSignal and Turbodyne to Jointly Develop Mass Production Capabilities". https://www.theautochannel.com/news/press/date/19990512/press023214.html.
- ↑ "Hybrid Turbocharger, Ship Marine Engine Turbocharger, High Speed Motor for Marine Applications, Marine Power Generation, High Speed Generator, Marine Engine Heat Recovery". https://www.calnetix.com/case-studies/hybrid-turbocharger-system-ships.
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