Engineering:Cellular beam

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Short description: Type of beam

Cellular beam is a further development of the traditional castellated beam.[1] The advantage of the steel beam castellation process is that it increases strength without adding weight, making both versions an inexpensive solution to achieve maximum structural load capacity in building construction.[2]

The difference between cellular beam and castellated beam is the visual characteristic.[3] A cellular beam has round openings (circular pattern) while the castellated beam has hexagonal openings (hexagonal pattern), both of which are achieved by a cutting and welding process.[4] Cellular beams are usually made of structural steel, but can also be made of other materials.[5] The cellular beam is a structural element that mainly withstands structural load laterally applied to the axis of the beam, and influences the overall performance of steel framed buildings.[6] The type of deflection is mainly done by bending.

Introduction

Westok is the inventor of cellular beam and a member of the British Constructional Steelwork Association (B.C.S.A) and The Steel Construction Institute (S.C.I).[7] On behalf of Westock, S.C.I developed the Cell-Vibe 1.0 design software that enables engineers to evaluate the dynamic behavior of floor slabs based on technical research of composite construction.[8][9]

Since 1940, civil engineers have endeavoured to find solutions to reduce the cost and weight of steel frame construction.[10] Due to the restrictions with regard to the maximum permissible deflections, the high-strength properties of structural steel cannot always be optimally used.[11] As a result, several new steel mixtures have been identified to increase the stiffness of steel components without significantly increasing the required steel weight.[12] The use of steel girders with web openings (SBWOs) for structures such as industrial buildings has proven to be extensive.[13] In Thailand, the first multi-story residential building, the Park Royal 2, with cellular beam and post-tensioned concrete slab was designed and built by Mario Kleff in 2009.[14] Civil engineers came up with a solution to use a composite design of ultra-flat floor joists together with concrete used on the Douala Grand Mall in Cameroon.[15] In the last few years, further investigations into steel construction and fire protection have been carried out,[16][17] which led to innovations in the field of passive fire protection that could save lives and assets.[18] In 2018, Kloeckner Metals UK, member of Klöckner & Co SE invested in dedicated equipment for precision cutting of cellular beams.[19]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Buick Davison, Graham W. Owens (2020). "Steel Designers' Manual: The Steel Construction Institute". https://books.google.co.th/books?id=mb-60WSlb5sC&pg=PA62&dq=Cellular+beam+development+of+castellated+beam.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji3oX5h7_wAhUX4zgGHfrmAZ4Q6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Cellular%20beam%20development%20of%20castellated%20beam.&f=false. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  2. ↑ Phattaraphong Ponsorn, Kitjapat Phuvoravan (2005-04-21). "Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction". https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29SC.1943-5576.0000497. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  3. ↑ "Cellular beams". The free encyclopedia for UK steel construction information. https://www.steelconstruction.info/Framing_schematics#:~:text=%5Btop%5DCellular%20beams&text=In%20a%20castellated%20beam%2C%20the,to%20achieve%20a%20deeper%20section.&text=In%20a%20cellular%20beam%2C%20the,form%20circular%20or%20elongated%20openings.. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  4. ↑ Mark Lawson, Peter Trebilcock (2004). "Architectural Design in Steel". https://books.google.co.th/books?id=2PF4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&dq=castellated+beams+vs+cellular+beam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwionPaEqL7wAhUcxjgGHQ5KDisQ6AEwBnoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=castellated%20beams%20vs%20cellular%20beam&f=false. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  5. ↑ Luís Mesquita, João Gonçalves, Gustavo Gonçalves, Paulo Piloto (2015). "INTUMESCENT FIRE PROTECTION OF CELLULAR BEAMS". https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-cutting-process-of-cellular-beams-The-use-of-cellular-Beams-in-buildings-2_fig1_285583757. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  6. ↑ "Ultimate behavior of steel beams under non-uniform bending". Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2012-11-06. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0143974X12001502. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  7. ↑ P.K.K.LEE (1997). "Structures in the New Millennium". https://books.google.co.th/books?id=K792dXxSI4UC&pg=PA303&dq=Westok+are+the+inventors+of+cellular+beams.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-svPfsb7wAhUy6XMBHZl5AU0Q6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=Westok%20are%20the%20inventors%20of%20cellular%20beams.&f=false. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  8. ↑ A L Smith, S J Hicks, P J Devine (2007). "Design of Floors for Vibration: A New Approach". https://www.newsteelconstruction.com/wp/design-of-floors-for-vibration-a-new-approach/. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  9. ↑ "Design of Floors for Vibration: A New Approach". The Steel Construction Institute (S.C.I). 2007. https://www.steelconstruction.info/images/5/5a/SCI_P354.pdf. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  10. ↑ Adam Barone, Khadija Khartit (2020-11-09). "Value Engineering". https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/value-engineering.asp. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  11. ↑ Nicole Schillo, Markus Feldmann, Timo Björk, Simon Schaffrath (2016-01-12). "Rules on high strength steel (RUOSTE)". https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309637215_Rules_on_high_strength_steel_RUOSTE. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  12. ↑ "First new British Steel product in Jingye Group era unveiled for high rise construction market". Business Live. 2020-12-08. https://www.business-live.co.uk/manufacturing/first-new-british-steel-product-19420257. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  13. ↑ Morkhade, S.G., Gupta, L.M (2015). "An experimental and parametric study on steel beams with web openings". https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40091-015-0095-4. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  14. ↑ "Brand new villas set to be demolished and replaced by identical ones". 2021-05-25. https://thethaiger.com/news/pattaya/brand-new-villas-set-to-be-demolished-and-replaced-by-identical-ones. Retrieved 2021-09-29. 
  15. ↑ "Innovation through composite construction". Engineering News. 2020-11-16. https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/innovation-through-composite-construction-2020-11-16. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  16. ↑ "Fire resistance of long span cellular beam made of rolled steel". European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. https://constructalia.arcelormittal.com/files/KINA25122ENN_002--f4c9df320630aef17a272401a92c910e.pdf. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  17. ↑ "CPD 3 2018: Steel and fire protection". Building UK. https://www.building.co.uk/cpd/cpd-3-2018-steel-and-fire-protection/5091899.article. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  18. ↑ "Breakthrough solution in passive fire protection saving lives and assets". Architecture & Design. 2020-09-28. https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/suppliers/sherwin-williams-protective-marine/breakthrough-solution-in-passive-fire-protection#. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 
  19. ↑ "A new endeavour in beam processing". Production Engineering Solutions PES Media. 2018-03-13. https://www.pesmedia.com/new-endeavour-beam-processing/. Retrieved 2021-05-10. 



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