Earth:List of lava tubes

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A lava tube, or pyroduct,[1] is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava from a volcanic vent that moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow. If lava in the tube empties, it will leave a cave.

Africa

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ethiopia

  • 70 m lava tube cave has been recorded southeast of Addis Ababa and a smaller example on K'one Volcano[2]

Kenya

  • Chyulu Hills – contains nearly 100 tubes[2]
  • Elmenteita Badlands north of Mt. Eburru – several small caves[2]
    • Leviathan Cave – At 12.5 kilometres, it is the longest lava tube in Africa.[3]
  • Emuruangogolak Volcano caves[2]
  • North Chyulu hills area – 20 caves are known[2]
  • Lake Tillam, near Korosi Volcano – several known lava tubes[2]
  • Mount Suswa – around 40 known caves totaling around 11 km[2]
  • Menengai Caldera – single vent-like cave[2]
  • Nyambeni Mountains near Maua – 2 known caves[2]

Rwanda

  • Musanze System – total 5.1 km[2]
    • Ubuvomo bwa Musanze – 4.56 km[2]
    • Ubuvomo bwa Nyrabadogo – 1.5 km[2]

Tanzania

Uganda

  • Garama Cave – Kigesi District, is 342 m long[2]

Asia

China

  • Wudalianchi National Park and Global Geopark[5]
    • Laoheishan volcano
      • Fairy Palace Cave[5]
      • Waterfall Palace Cave[5]
    • East Jiaodebushan volcano
      • Ice Cave[5]
      • Underground Ice River[5]
  • Jingpo Hu National Park and Global Geopark[5]
    • Weihuting Cave[5]
    • Longyandongtian Cave (Dragon Rock Cave)[5]
    • Shenshui Cave (Driven Water Cave)[5]
    • Gubingdong Cave (Ancient Ice Cave)[5]
    • Jiemei Cave (Sisters Cave)[5]
    • Kanlianmiying Cave (Anti-J Allied Army Secret Camp)[5]
  • Leiqiong Global Geopark – More than 30 tubes[5]
    • Seventy Two Cave Lava Tunnel[5]

Japan

  • Fugaku Wind Cave
  • Lake Sai Bat Cave
  • Narusawa Ice Cave

Saudi Arabia

  • Harrat Khaybar lava field – Umm Jirsan lava tube – 1.5 km long (Pint 2009)

South Korea

  • Geomunoreum Lava Tube System
    • Gimnyeonggul
    • Manjanggul – more than 8 kilometers long, located in Jeju Island, is a popular tourism spot.[6][7]

Europe

Iceland

Italy

Portugal

  • Azores
    • Algar do Carvão
    • Furna de Água
    • Furnas do Cavalum
    • Galerias da Feteira
    • Gruta Brisa Azul
    • Gruta das Agulhas
    • Gruta das Cinco Ribeiras
    • Gruta das Mercês
    • Gruta das Torres
    • Gruta do Carvão
    • Gruta do Natal
    • Gruta do Zé Grande
    • São Vicente Caves

Spain

  • Canary Islands
    • Cuevas de los Murciélagos
    • Cueva de los Verdes
    • Cueva del Viento
    • Jameos del Agua
    • Tunnel de la Atlantida
    • Cueva de los Verdes

North America

United States

  • Ape Cave – Washington (state)
  • Bandera Volcano Ice Cave – New Mexico
  • Cheese Cave – Washington (state)
  • Indian Tunnel lava tube (and more than 250 other examples) in Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho[9]
  • Derrick Cave – Oregon
  • El Malpais National Monument, in western New Mexico[10]
  • Hālona Blowhole
  • Kaumana Cave – Hawaii
  • Kazumura Cave, Hawaii – Not only the world's most extensive lava tube, but at 65.5 kilometres (40.7 mi), it has the greatest linear extent of any cave known.[11]
  • Kuna Caves – Idaho
  • Lava Beds National Monument – California
  • Newberry National Volcanic Monument – Oregon
    • Arnold Lava Tube System
    • Boyd Cave – Oregon
    • Horse Lava Tube System
      • Redmond Caves
    • Lava River Cave[12]
    • Lava Top Butte basalt[13]
    • Skeleton Cave
  • Lava River Cave – Arizona
  • Mammoth Cave – Utah
  • Niter Ice Cave – Idaho
  • Pluto's Cave – California
  • Skylight Cave – Oregon
  • Subway Cave Lava Tubes – Lassen National Forest, California[14]
  • Wilson Butte Cave – Idaho

Oceania

Australia

  • Undara Volcanic National Park – Queensland

Galapagos

  • Bellavista lava tunnel[15]

New Zealand

  • Auckland volcanic field Includes more than 50 lava tubes

Samoa

Extra Terrestrial

References

  1. ↑ "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park – Lava Tubes". National Park Service. 28 April 2020. https://www.nps.gov/havo/learn/nature/lava-tubes.htm. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 Jim W. Simons "Volcanic Caves of East Africa – An Overview " Int. J. Spelenl.. 27 B (1/4), (1998): 11–20
  3. ↑ Forti; Galli; Rossi (July 2004). "Minerogenesis of Volcanic Caves of Kenya". International Journal of Speleology 32: 3–18. doi:10.5038/1827-806X.32.1.1. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1220&context=ijs. Retrieved 7 Apr 2017. 
  4. ↑ Clive Ward "Lava Caves of Kilimanjaro. Mawenzi Lava Tubes" Int. J. Speleol., 27 I3 (1/4), (1998): 53.56.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 Chris Wood & Haiyan Zhang "Volcanic Centres and Lava Caves in China" Proceedings 14th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 2010 pp. 123–129
  6. ↑ Barclay, Jennifer (2012-04-27). "10 Reasons Travelers Can't Keep Away from Jeju Island". CNN Travel. http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/play/10-things-do-jeju-island-045157. 
  7. ↑ "Manjanggul Lava Tube [National Geopark (만장굴 (제주도 국가지질공원)) : VISITKOREA"] (in en). https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/svc/whereToGo/locIntrdn/locIntrdnList.do?vcontsId=111165&menuSn=351. 
  8. ↑ "Surtshellir-Stefánshellir System". Caves of Iceland. Showcaves. http://www.showcaves.com/english/misc/caves/Surtshellir.html. 
  9. ↑ "Caves of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho". National Park Service. 2018-02-08. https://www.nps.gov/crmo/learn/nature/cave.htm. Retrieved 2021-01-25. 
  10. ↑ Polyak, Victor J.; Provencio, Paula P. (2020). "The 'hornito-style' lava stalagmites and lava column in Lava Column Cave, El Malpais National Monument". New Mexico Geological Society Special Publication 14: 37–40. https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/special/14/NMGS_SP-14.pdf. Retrieved 2020-10-24. 
  11. ↑ Gulden, Bob (2011-06-21), World's Longest Lava Tubes, http://www.caverbob.com/lava.htm, retrieved 2011-06-26 
  12. ↑ Newberry National Volcanic Monument
  13. ↑ Donnelly-Nolan, J. M.; Stovall, W. K.; Ramsey, D. W.; Ewert, J. W.; Jensen, R. A. (2011). Hendley II, J. W.. ed. Newberry Volcano – Central Oregon's Sleeping Giant: USGS Fact Sheet 2011–3145. United States Geological Survey. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2011/3145/fs2011-3145.pdf. 
  14. ↑ Subway Cave, United States Department of Agriculture. Accessed 20 June 2021.
  15. ↑ "Lava Tubes of Bellavista on Santa Cruz, the Galápagos". 27 June 2016. https://uncover.travel/bellavista-lava-tubes/. 



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