Earth:Intertrappean Beds

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Intertrappean Beds
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian–Danian
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofDeccan Traps
OverliesInfratrappean Beds
Location
RegionMadhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka[1]
CountryIndia

The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene geologic formation in India. The beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers, including the more diverse Lameta Formation. The formation spans the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, and a significant debate exists about whether specific sites belong to the Cretaceous or the Paleocene.[2][1] Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur eggs.[3][4] The mammal genera Deccanolestes, Sahnitherium, Bharattherium, and Kharmerungulatum have been recovered from it as well.[5] A rich plant flora is known from the formation.

Paleobiota

Fauna

Fish

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Igdabatis I. indicus Kisalpuri and Piplanarayanwar[6][7] An eagle ray
Lepisosteus L. indicus Kisalpuri and Piplanarayanwar[6][7] A gar
Osteoglossidae incertae sedis Kisalpuri and Piplanarayanwar[6][7] An osteoglossid of uncertain affinities
Pycnodontidae incertae sedis Kisalpuri and Piplanarayanwar[6][7] A pycnodontid of uncertain affinities
Siluriformes incertae sedis Kisalpuri and Piplanarayanwar[6][7] A catfish of uncertain affinities

Amphibians

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Indobatrachus I. pusillus Worli Hill Multiple complete specimens[8] A frog Indobatrachus.jpg

Turtles

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Carteremys C. leithii Worli Hill Carapace, plastron, skull and partial mandible A turtle of uncertain affinities
Sankuchemys S. sethnai Amboli Quarry[9] Skull[9] A bothremydid

Lepidosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Acrosphenodontia Incertae sedis Naskal microvertebrate site[10] Dentary with teeth.[10] A rhynchocephalian
Deccansaurus D. palaeoindicus Kesavi locality[11] Jaws & several osteoderms[11] A scincoid lizard
Indophis I. sahnii Naskal microvertebrate site[12] Over 160 vertebrae[12] A snake
Serpentes Incertae sedis Naskal microvertebrate site[12] A trunk vertebra & left dentary[12] A snake

Crocodyliforms

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Dyrosauridae incertae sedis Kisalpuri[13] Partial mandible, frontal, and vertebrae A dyrosaurid crocodyliform.

Dinosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Megaloolithus baghensis Kisalpuri[6] Eggshell fragments A sauropod egg.
Subtiliolithus kachhensis Kisalpuri[6] Eggshell fragments A theropod egg.

Pterosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Pterosauria incertae sedis Sirol-khal locality[4] An indeterminate pterosaur.

Mammals

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Bharattherium B. bonapartei Kisalpuri Sudamericid
Deccanolestes D. hislopi Naskal microvertebrate site Molars, calcanea, astralgi, humerus, ulna Eutherian
D. robustus Naskal microvertebrate site "Dental material and an astragalus"
D. narmadensis Kisalpuri
Indoclemensia I. naskalensis Naskal microvertebrate site[1]
I. magnus Naskal microvertebrate site[1]
Kharmerungulatum K. vanvaleni Kisalpuri[14]
Sahnitherium S. rangapurensis Rangapur microvertebrate site[15] Upper Molar Eutherian

Flora

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Connaroxylon C. dimorphum Dhagaon, Mandla district[16] Wood[16] Affinities with Connaraceae.
Euphorbiotheca E. deccanensis Fruit, member of Euphorbiaceae[17]
Hyphaeneocarpon Fruit, member of palm tribe Borasseae.[18]
Palmocarpon Fruit, member of palm tribe Cocoseae.[19]
Palmoxylon P. dindoriensis Wood, member of palm subfamily Coryphoideae.[20]
Pantocarpon Fruit, member of Torricelliaceae[21]
Phyllanthocarpon P. singpurensis Fruit, member of Phyllanthaceae.[22]
Rhizopalamoxylon Palm rhizome, close affinities to Nypa.[23]

See also

  • Lameta Formation
  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
    • List of stratigraphic units with indeterminate dinosaur fossils
  • List of pterosaur-bearing stratigraphic units

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P.; Renne, Paul R.; Samant, Bandana; Mohabey, Dhananjay M.; Dhobale, Anup; Tholt, Andrew J.; Tobin, Thomas S.; Widdowson, Mike et al. (2022-04-01). "New mammals from the Naskal intertrappean site and the age of India’s earliest eutherians". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 591: 110857. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110857. ISSN 0031-0182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003101822200027X. 
  2. ↑ Khosla, Ashu; Verma, Omkar; Kania, Sachin; Lucas, Spencer (2023). "Microbiota from the Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeocene Boundary Transition in the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India" (in en). Topics in Geobiology. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-28855-5. ISSN 0275-0120. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-28855-5. 
  3. ↑ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.[1]
  5. ↑ "MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Basal Eutheria Two, an internet directory". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20110607225340/http://home.arcor.de/ktdykes/basepi.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-04. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Khosla, A.; Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Jain, A. K.; Sahni, A. (2004-08-10). "Discovery of a micromammal-yielding Deccan intertrappean site near Kisalpuri, Dindori District, Madhya Pradesh" (in en). Current Science 87 (3): 380–383. ISSN 0011-3891. http://cs-test.ias.ac.in/cs/Downloads/article_37788.pdf. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Lourembam, Ranjit Singh; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Grover, Pooja (2017). "Ichthyofauna (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Upper Cretaceous intertrappean beds of Piplanarayanwar, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India" (in en). Island Arc 26 (1). doi:10.1111/iar.12180. ISSN 1038-4871. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/iar.12180. 
  8. ↑ Noble, G. K. (1930-02-08). "The fossil frogs of the intertrappean beds of Bombay, India.". American Museum Novitates (401): 1-13. https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3061. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Gaffney, Eugene S. (2003). Sankuchemys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides, Bothremydidae) from the late Cretaceous of India. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/178196. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Anantharaman, S.; DeMar, David G.; Sivakumar, R.; Dassarma, Dilip Chandra; Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2022-06-30). "First rhynchocephalian (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) from the Cretaceous–Paleogene of India" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 42 (1). doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2118059. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2022.2118059. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Yadav, Ravi; Bajpai, Sunil; Maurya, A.S.; Čerňanský, Andrej (June 2023). "The first potential cordyliform (Squamata, Scincoidea) from India (uppermost Cretaceous – lowermost Paleocene): an African lizard clade brings possible implications for Indo-Madagascar biogeographic links" (in en). Cretaceous Research: 105606. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105606. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667123001349. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Rage, Jean-Claude; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R. (November 1992). "New snakes from the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Naskal, India". N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh. 187 (1): 83-97. https://www.academia.edu/33857841. 
  13. ↑ Khosla, Ashu; Sertich, Joseph J. W.; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Verma, Omkar (2009-12-12). "Dyrosaurid remains from the Intertrappean Beds of India and the Late Cretaceous distribution of Dyrosauridae" (in en). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29 (4): 1321–1326. doi:10.1671/039.029.0416. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1671/039.029.0416. 
  14. ↑ Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Sahni, A.; Parmar, V.; Khosla, A. (2007-11-09). "A Cretaceous Hoofed Mammal from India" (in en). Science 318 (5852): 937–937. doi:10.1126/science.1149267. ISSN 0036-8075. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1149267. 
  15. ↑ Rana, Rajendra S.; Wilson, Gregory P. (2003). "New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3): 331-348. https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app48-331.html. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Baas, Pieter; Manchester, Steven R.; Wheeler, Elisabeth A.; Srivastava, Rashmi (2017-02-13). "Fossil wood with dimorphic fibers from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India – the oldest fossil Connaraceae?" (in en). IAWA Journal 38 (1): 124–133. doi:10.1163/22941932-20170162. ISSN 0928-1541. https://brill.com/view/journals/iawa/38/1/article-p124_11.xml. 
  17. ↑ Reback, Rachel G.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Wurdack, Ken; Manchester, Steven R. (2022-02-01). "Fruits of Euphorbiaceae from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India" (in en). International Journal of Plant Sciences 183 (2): 128–138. doi:10.1086/717691. ISSN 1058-5893. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/717691. 
  18. ↑ Matsunaga, Kelly K S; Manchester, Steven R; Srivastava, Rashmi; Kapgate, Dashrath K; Smith, Selena Y (2019-06-21). "Fossil palm fruits from India indicate a Cretaceous origin of Arecaceae tribe Borasseae" (in en). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (3): 260–280. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boz019. ISSN 0024-4074. https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/190/3/260/5518348. 
  19. ↑ Manchester, Steven R.; Bonde, Suresh D.; Nipunage, Dinesh S.; Srivatava, Rashmi; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Smith, Selena Y. (2016-07-19). "Trilocular Palm Fruits from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India". International Journal of Plant Sciences 177 (7): 633–641. doi:10.1086/687290. ISSN 1058-5893. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/687290. 
  20. ↑ Khan, Mahasin Ali; Roy, Kaustav; Hazra, Taposhi; Mahato, Sumana; Bera, Subir (2020-01-01). "A New Coryphoid Palm from the Maastrichtian-Danian Sediments of Madhya Pradesh and its Palaeoenvironmental Implications" (in en). Journal of the Geological Society of India 95 (1): 75–83. doi:10.1007/s12594-020-1388-1. ISSN 0974-6889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1388-1. 
  21. ↑ Manchester, Steven R.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Patil, Sharadkumar P.; Ramteke, Deepak; Matsunaga, Kelly K.S.; Smith, Selena Y. (2019-10-23). "Morphology and Affinities of Pantocarpon Fruits (cf. Apiales: Torricelliaceae) from the Maastrichtian Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India". International Journal of Plant Sciences 181 (4): 443–451. doi:10.1086/706856. ISSN 1058-5893. 
  22. ↑ Kapgate, Dashrath; Manchester, Steven R.; Stuppy, Wolfgang (2017-06-01). "Oldest fruit of Phyllanthaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Singpur, Madhya Pradesh, India". Acta Palaeobotanica 57 (1): 33–38. doi:10.1515/acpa-2017-0004. ISSN 2082-0259. http://archive.sciendo.com/ACPA/acpa.2017.57.issue-1/acpa-2017-0004/acpa-2017-0004.pdf. 
  23. ↑ Kathal, P. K.; Srivastava, Rashmi; Mehrotra, R. C.; Alexander, P. O. (2017-03-29). "Rhizopalmoxylon nypoides – a new palm root from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India" (in en). Journal of Earth System Science 126 (3): 35. doi:10.1007/s12040-017-0815-1. ISSN 0973-774X. Bibcode: 2017JESS..126...35K. 

References

  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN:0-520-24209-2.



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