Chemistry:Textile-reinforced mortar

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Textile-reinforced mortars (TRM) (also known as fabric-reinforced cementitious mortars (FRCM) are composite materials used in structural strengthening of existing buildings, most notably in seismic retrofitting. The material consists of bidirectional orthogonal textiles made from knitted, woven or simply stitched rovings of high-strength fibres (e.g. carbon, glass, aramid, basalt, or PBO), embedded in a inorganic matrices (most commonly cement-based mortars[1]). The textiles can also be made from natural fibres, e.g. hemp or flax.[2] Compared to other composite materials used in seismic retrofitting such as fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP),[3] the fibre sheets are replaced by open-grid textiles and the epoxy resin is replaced by mortar. The synergy between the materials is mainly achieved due to a mechanical interlock forming between the textile layers and the mortar. A benefit of TRMs is their compatibility with typical construction materials such as concrete and masonry,[4] and their improved fire resistance and resistance at high temperatures.[5][6]

TRM has been proven effective for strengthening both concrete[7] and masonry[8] structures, including the strengthening of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete structures.[9] In combination with advanced thermal retrofitting materials or systems, TRM may offer avenues for the combined seismic and energy retrofitting of building envelopes [10][11][12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Triantafillou, Thanasis C.; Papanicolaou, Catherine G.; Zissimopoulos, Panagiotis; Laourdekis, Thanasis (2006-01-01). "Concrete Confinement with Textile-Reinforced Mortar Jackets" (in English). ACI Structural Journal 103 (1): 28–37. doi:10.14359/15083. ISSN 0889-3241. https://www.concrete.org/publications/internationalconcreteabstractsportal.aspx?m=details&ID=15083&m=details&ID=15083. 
  2. ↑ Ferrara, Giuseppe; Coppola, Bartolomeo; Di Maio, Luciano; Incarnato, Loredana; Martinelli, Enzo (2019-07-01). "Tensile strength of flax fabrics to be used as reinforcement in cement-based composites: experimental tests under different environmental exposures" (in en). Composites Part B: Engineering 168: 511–523. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.062. ISSN 1359-8368. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836818340332. 
  3. ↑ Tetta, Zoi C.; Koutas, Lampros N.; Bournas, Dionysios A. (2015-08-01). "Textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) versus fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) in shear strengthening of concrete beams". Composites Part B: Engineering (ScienceDirect) 77: 338–348. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.055. 
  4. ↑ Elsanadedy, Hussein M.; Abbas, Husain; Almusallam, Tarek H.; Al-Salloum, Yousef A. (October 2019). "Organic versus inorganic matrix composites for bond-critical strengthening applications of RC structures – State-of-the-art review" (in en). Composites Part B: Engineering 174: 106947. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.106947. 
  5. ↑ Raoof, Saad M.; Bournas, Dionysios A. (2017-11-15). "TRM versus FRP in flexural strengthening of RC beams: Behaviour at high temperatures" (in en). Construction and Building Materials 154: 424–437. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.195. ISSN 0950-0618. 
  6. ↑ Triantafillou, Thanasis C.; Karlos, Kyriakos; Kefalou, Kalliopi; Argyropoulou, Eirini (2017-02-15). "An innovative structural and energy retrofitting system for URM walls using textile reinforced mortars combined with thermal insulation: Mechanical and fire behavior" (in en). Construction and Building Materials 133: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.032. ISSN 0950-0618. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061816319389. 
  7. ↑ Koutas, Lampros N.; Tetta, Zoi; Bournas, Dionysios A.; Triantafillou, Thanasis C. (February 2019). "Strengthening of Concrete Structures with Textile Reinforced Mortars: State-of-the-Art Review" (in en). Journal of Composites for Construction 23 (1): 03118001. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000882. ISSN 1090-0268. 
  8. ↑ Kouris, Leonidas Alexandros S.; Triantafillou, Thanasis C. (November 2018). "State-of-the-art on strengthening of masonry structures with textile reinforced mortar (TRM)" (in en). Construction and Building Materials 188: 1221–1233. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.039. 
  9. ↑ Pohoryles, D.A.; Bournas, D.A. (2020-02-15). "Seismic retrofit of infilled RC frames with textile reinforced mortars: State-of-the-art review and analytical modelling" (in en). Composites Part B: Engineering 183: 107702. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107702. ISSN 1359-8368. 
  10. ↑ Bournas, Dionysios A. (September 2018). "Concurrent seismic and energy retrofitting of RC and masonry building envelopes using inorganic textile-based composites combined with insulation materials: A new concept" (in en). Composites Part B: Engineering 148: 166–179. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.002. 
  11. ↑ Pohoryles, D.A.; Maduta, C.; Bournas, D.A.; Kouris, L.A. (2020-09-15). "Energy performance of existing residential buildings in Europe: A novel approach combining energy with seismic retrofitting" (in en). Energy and Buildings 223: 110024. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110024. ISSN 0378-7788. 
  12. ↑ Triantafillou, Thanasis C.; Karlos, Kyriakos; Kapsalis, Panagiotis; Georgiou, Loukia (October 2018). "Innovative Structural and Energy Retrofitting System for Masonry Walls Using Textile Reinforced Mortars Combined with Thermal Insulation: In-Plane Mechanical Behavior" (in en). Journal of Composites for Construction 22 (5): 04018029. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000869. ISSN 1090-0268. 



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