Chemistry:Tetraketopiperazine
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Piperazinetetrone | |
| Other names
2,3,5,6-Piperazinetetrone
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C4H2N2O4 | |
| Molar mass | 142.070 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Tetraketopiperazine is a chemical compound with a molecule containing a six member heterocyclic ring with two nitrogen atoms. Each carbon is doubly bonded to oxygen.[1]
Production
Reacting sodium oxamate (the sodium salt of oxamic acid) with hydrochloric acid yields some tetraketopiperazine. A higher yield result from reacting ethyl oxalate with sodium ethoxide.[1] Yet another way to make tetraketopiperazine is a condensation of oxamide with ethyl oxalate with sodium ethoxide present.
Excessive nitration of 2,6-diaminopyrazine ends up with tetraketopiperazine.[2]
Reactions
The nitrogen atoms in tetraketopiperazine are slightly acidic losing their hydrogen atoms as ions. Salts of tetraketopiperazine exist. Tetraketopiperazine reacts with sodium bicarbonate to yield a monosodium salt. A disodium salt results from reaction with sodium hydroxide or sodium alkoxide. These are likely to be tautomeric with a hydrogen moving to an oxygen atom. Potassium salts also exist. A monosilver salt can be made from a silver compound and a dissolved tetraketopiperazine potassium salt. Ammonia and mercury salts of tetraketopiperazine also exist. Tetraketopiperazine also can form a monohydrazone.[1]
Reduction of tetraketopiperazine yields trikeopiperazine and then 2,5-diketopiperazine. Glyoxalic acid and oxamide are side products.[3]
Properties
When heated tetraketopiperazine does not melt, but turns black at 250°C.[1]
Tetraketopiperazine is slightly soluble in water and more so in boiling acetic acid. The solid form has monoclinic prismatic crystals.[1]
pKa is 4.8 and the second pKa2 is 8.2.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 de Mouilpied, Alfred Theophilus; Rule, Alexander (1907). "XVI.—Tetraketopiperazine". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 91: 176–183. doi:10.1039/CT9079100176. https://zenodo.org/record/1770094.
- ↑ Bellamy, A. J.; Golding, P. (2007). "The Study of Some Potential New Synthetic Routes to LLM-105 (2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine 1-oxide)". Central European Journal of Energetic Materials 4 (7): 33–57.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Owens, J.L.; Dryhurst, G. (November 1976). "Electrochemical reduction of tetraketopiperazine". Analytica Chimica Acta 87 (1): 37–50. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83118-4. Bibcode: 1976AcAC...87...37O.
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