Chemistry:Silanes

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Short description: Class of organosilicon compounds with the formula SiR4

In organosilicon chemistry, silanes are a diverse class of charge-neutral organic compounds with the general formula SiR
4
. The R substituents can any combination of organic[1] or inorganic groups.[2] Most silanes contain Si-C bonds, and are discussed under organosilicon compounds. Some contain Si-H bonds and are discussed under hydrosilanes.

Examples

  • Silane SiH4, the parent.
  • Binary silicon-hydrogen compounds (which are sometimes called silanes also) includes silane itself but also compounds with Si-Si bonds including disilane and longer chains.
  • Silanes with one, two, three, or four Si-H bonds are called hydrosilanes. Silane is again the parent member. Examples: triethylsilane (HSi(C2H5)3) and triethoxysilane (HSi(OC2H5)3).
  • Polysilanes are organosilicon compounds with the formula (R2Si)n. They feature Si-Si bonds. Attracting more interest are the organic derivatives such as polydimethylsilane ((CH3)2Si)n. Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane ((CH3)2Si)6 is an oligomer of such materials. Formally speaking, polysilanes also include compounds of the type (SiH
    2
    )n
    , but these less studied.
  • Chlorosilanes have Si-Cl bonds. The dominant examples come from the Direct process, i.e., (CH3)4-xSiClx. Another important member is trichlorosilane (SiHCl3).
  • Organosilanes are a class of charge-neutral organosilicon compounds. Example: tetramethylsilane (Si(CH3)4)

By tradition, compounds with Si-O-Si bonds are usually not referred to as silanes. Instead, they are called siloxanes. One example is hexamethyldisiloxane, ((CH3)3Si)2O.

Applications

See compound-specific applications. Commonly:

  • Polysilicone production
  • PEX crosslinking agent

See also

References