Chemistry:Fertilysin
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| Other names | WIN 18446 |
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| Formula | C12H20Cl4N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 366.10 g·mol−1 |
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Fertilysin (WIN 18446) is an experimental drug that was studied as a male contraceptive, but was never marketed. It interferes with testicular production of retinoic acid,[1] which is necessary for spermatogenesis. In studies in male animals including rodents, wolves, cats, and shrews, fertilysin was found to be a safe, effective, and reversible oral contraceptive.[2][3] However, the side effects observed in human clinical trials preclude its use in men.[4]
Fertilysin was originally studied in the 1950s for its potential amebicidal effects.[4][5][6] When the anti-spermatogenesis effects were observed in animal studies, the focus of the research turned towards its potential use as a contraceptive. Fertilysin is an inhibitor of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2, a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of enzymes. Inhibition of this enzyme blocks the production of retinoic acid which prevents the production of sperm. Because aldehyde dehydrogenases are also involved in the metabolism of ethanol, fertilysin has side effects similar to the action of disulfiram (Antabuse).[3] Fertilysin may also have teratogenic effects.[7]
References
- ↑ "Inhibition of retinoic acid biosynthesis by the bisdichloroacetyldiamine WIN 18,446 markedly suppresses spermatogenesis and alters retinoid metabolism in mice". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 289 (21): 15104–15117. May 2014. doi:10.1074/jbc.M113.540211. PMID 24711451.
- ↑ "Suppression of spermatogenesis and chronic toxicity in men by a new series of bis(dichloroacetyl) diamines". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 3: 1–11. January 1961. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(61)90002-3. PMID 13713106.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Fertilysin". Inxight Drugs. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCAT): U.S. National Institutes of Health. https://drugs.ncats.io/substance/3F56RA64JN.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Why Don't We Have a Male Birth Control Pill Yet?". Science History Institute. April 20, 2021. https://sciencehistory.org/stories/disappearing-pod/why-dont-we-have-a-male-birth-control-pill-yet/.
- ↑ "N,N′-bis(Dichloroacetyl)Diamines as Amebicidal Agents". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 10 (4): 503–509. 1961. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1961.10.503.
- ↑ "The biologic actions of a new series of bis(dichloroacetyl) diamines". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2 (6): 715–731. November 1960. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(60)90088-0. PMID 13695940.
- ↑ "The teratogenic effects of a bis(dichloroacetyl)diamine on hamster embryos. Aortic arch anomalies and the pathogenesis of the DiGeorge syndrome". The American Journal of Pathology 118 (2): 179–193. February 1985. PMID 3970137.
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