Chemistry:Aluminium ethoxide

From HandWiki
Aluminium ethoxide
Aluminium triethoxide.svg
Names
Other names
Aluminium ethoxide
Triethoxyaluminum
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
Properties
Al(OCH
2
CH
3
)
3
Molar mass 162.165 g·mol−1
Appearance White powder
Density 1.142 g/cm3
Melting point 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K)
Boiling point 320 °C (608 °F; 593 K)
reacts violently
Solubility slightly soluble in xylene, chlorobenzene
Hazards
GHS pictograms GHS02: FlammableGHS05: Corrosive[1]
GHS Signal word Danger[1]
H228, H314[1]
P210, P280, P305+351+338, P310[1]
Flash point 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Aluminium triethoxide (also aluminium ethoxide) is an metallo-organic compound with the empirical formula Al(OCH
2
CH
3
)
3
. It is a moisture-sensitive white powder.[2]

Properties

thumb|left|Structure of aluminium isopropoxide indicates the tendency of aluminium alkoxides to form aggregates. Aluminium triethoxide is slightly soluble in hot dimethyl benzene, chlorobenzene and other high boiling point non-polar solvents.[3] It hydrolyzes to aluminium hydroxide and ethanol:

Al(OEt)
3
+ 3 H
2
O → Al(OH)
3
+ 3 EtOH

Although the structure of aluminium triethoxide has not been established by X-ray crystallography, the related aluminium isopropoxide has a tetrameric structure as verified by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The species is described by the formula Al[(μ-O-i-Pr)2Al(O-i-Pr)2]3.[4][5] The unique central Al is octahedral, and three other Al centers adopt tetrahedral geometry. A

Applications

Aluminium triethoxide is used as a reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones, and is also used as a polymerization catalyst. Aluminium triethoxide is mainly used in Sol-Gel Process preparation of high purity aluminium sesquioxide, which is a polymerization agent. At the same time, it is used as a reducing reagent, for example, carbonyl compounds that restore to alcohol.[clarification needed]

Synthesis

Aluminium triethoxide is produced by treating aluminium with anhydrous alcohol. The aluminium is often activated with iodine or by amalgamation to accelerate the reaction.[6][2]

Aluminium triethoxide has been evaluated as a catalyst for the synthesis of esters and carbonates.[7]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Aluminum Ethoxide". American Elements. https://www.americanelements.com/aluminum-ethoxide-555-75-9. Retrieved 2019-07-15. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 H. J. Becher (1963). "Aluminum Ethoxide". in G. Brauer. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed.. 1. NY, NY: Academic Press. pp. 834. 
  3. Template:Cite Merck Index
  4. Folting, K.; Streib, W. E.; Caulton, K. G.; Poncelet, O.; Hubert-Pfalzgraf, L. G. (1991). "Characterization of aluminum isopropoxide and aluminosiloxanes". Polyhedron 10 (14): 1639–46. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83775-4. 
  5. Turova, N. Y.; Kozunov, V. A.; Yanovskii, A. I.; Bokii, N. G.; Struchkov, Yu T.; Tarnopolskii, B. L. (1979). "Physico-chemical and structural investigation of aluminium isopropoxide." J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 41(1): 5-11, doi:10.1016/0022-1902(79)80384-X.
  6. Wilhoit, R. C.; Burton, J. R.; Kuo, Fu-tien; Huang, Sui-Rong; Viquesnel, A. (1 December 1962). "Properties of aluminium ethoxide". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 24 (7): 851–861. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(62)80106-7. ISSN 0022-1902. 
  7. North, Michael; Young, Carl (2 November 2011). "Reducing the Cost of Production of Bimetallic Aluminium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates". ChemSusChem 4 (11): 1685–1693. doi:10.1002/cssc.201100239. PMID 22045591. Bibcode2011ChSCh...4.1685N.