Biology:Trochilini
| Trochilini | |
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_adult_male_2.jpg)
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| Red-billed streamertail (Trochilus polytmus) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Subfamily: | Trochilinae |
| Tribe: | Trochilini Vigors, 1825 |
| Genera | |
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36, see text | |
Trochilini is one of the three tribes that make up the subfamily Trochilinae in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. The other two tribes in the subfamily are Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).
The informal name "emeralds" has been proposed for this group. Several genera contain species with "emerald" in their common name including Chlorostilbon which contains ten. The tribe contains 114 species divided into 36 genera.[1][2]
Phylogeny
A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the species formed nine major clades.[3] When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they based their classification on these results and placed three of the nine clades in the subfamily Trochilinae. The clades were placed in separate tribes which they named Trochilini (emeralds), Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).[4] The tribe Trochilini with the current circumscription was introduced in 2009.[5]
Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds.[1][3][5] In the cladogram below the English names are those introduced in 1997.[6] The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.[7]
| Trochilidae |
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The 2014 study by McGuire lead to a major revision of the classification of the Trochilini.[1] Many of the traditional genera were found to be polyphyletic and as a result the classification was substantially revised as shown below in the cladogram. Only one new genus was introduced (Elliotomyia) but eleven genera were resurrected (Phaeoptila, Riccordia, Pampa, Thaumasius, Talaphorus, Leucolia, Saucerottia, Amazilis, Uranomitra, Chionomesa and Polyerata). At the same time six of the former genera were synonymized (Aphantochroa, Cyanophaia, Elvira, Goethalsia, Juliamyia and Lepidopyga).[2][8]
| Trochilini |
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Taxonomic list
The tribe contains 36 genera.[2]
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|
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Phaeoptila |
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Riccordia |
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Cynanthus |
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Chlorostilbon |
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Basilinna |
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Pampa |
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Abeillia |
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_JCB.jpg) |
Klais |
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Orthorhyncus |
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Anthocephala |
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Stephanoxis |
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Campylopterus |
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_crop.jpg) |
Chalybura |
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Thalurania |
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.jpg) |
Microchera |
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.jpg) |
Goldmania |
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.jpg) |
Eupherusa |
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.jpg) |
Phaeochroa |
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Leucippus |
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Thaumasius |
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Taphrospilus |
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Eupetomena |
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Talaphorus |
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Trochilus |
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Leucolia |
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Saucerottia |
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Amazilia |
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Amazilis |
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Uranomitra |
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Chrysuronia |
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Leucochloris |
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Chionomesa |
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Hylocharis |
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Elliotomyia |
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Polyerata |
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_male.jpg) |
Chlorestes |
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016. PMID 24704078.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (January 2021). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Altshuler, D.L.; Remsen, J.V. (2007). "Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy". Systematic Biology 56 (5): 837–856. doi:10.1080/10635150701656360. PMID 17934998.
- ↑ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 131.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.
- ↑ Bleiweiss, R.; Kirsch, J.A.; Matheus, J.C. (1997). "DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae).". Molecular Biology and Evolution 14 (3): 325–343. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767. PMID 9066799.
- ↑ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, pp. 105–136.
- ↑ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3. PMID 29245495. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321277435.
Sources
- The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. 2013. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
Wikidata ☰ Q16611446 entry
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