Biology:Trachycarpeae
| Trachycarpeae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Johannesteijsmannia altifrons | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Subfamily: | Coryphoideae |
| Tribe: | Trachycarpeae Satake |
| Type genus | |
| Trachycarpus H.Wendl.
| |
| Genera | |
|
Acoelorrhaphe H.Wendl. | |
Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae.[1][2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia.[3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe (Chamaerops humilis).[4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.[5]
Description
Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia).[3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorrhaphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic.[3]
Taxonomy
Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae.[6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae.[3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority.[3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae.[7]
Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together.[3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia . A single species (Livistona carinensis) occurs in Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies.[6]
- Chamaerops - (1 sp., C. humilis, Mediterranean)
- Guihaia - (3 spp., China, Vietnam)
- Trachycarpus - (11 spp., Himalayas, Indochina)
- Rhapidophyllum - (1 sp., R. hystrix, Southeast USA)
- Maxburretia - (3 spp., Malay Peninsula)
- Rhapis - (11 spp., Indochina, Sumatra)
- Livistona - (approx. 27 spp., Southeast Asia, Australia, NE Africa)
- Licuala - (167 spp., Southeast Asia)
- Lanonia - (13 spp., Indochina)
- Johannesteijsmannia - (4 spp., Malaysia, Indonesia)
- Pholidocarpus - (6 spp., Malaysia, Indonesia)
- Saribus - (9 spp., Philippines to New Caledonia)
- Acoelorrhaphe - (1 sp., A. wrightii, Caribbean)
- Serenoa - (1 sp., S. repens, Southeast USA)
- Brahea - (approx. 10 spp., Mexico & Guatemala)
- Colpothrinax - (3 spp., Central America & Cuba)
- Copernicia - (21 spp., Caribbean, South America)
- Pritchardia - (approx. 27 spp., Pacific)
- Washingtonia - (2 spp., California, Mexico)
The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis,[8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala.[9][10]
Gallery
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii
Chamaerops humilis
Guihaia grossefibrosa
Pritchardia martii
Rhapidophyllum hystrix
Rhapis humilis
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References
- ↑ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics" (in en). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
- ↑ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 9781842461822.
- ↑ "Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder" (in en-US). http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=299207&isprofile=0&.
- ↑ "Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens". Plant Delights Nursery. https://www.plantdelights.com/blogs/articles/cold-hardy-palms-windmill-needle-palm-tree-weather.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin 60: 559–569. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215898364.
- ↑ Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr.. L.H. Bailey Hortorium. ISBN 9780935868302.
- ↑ Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus Resurrected". Palms 55 (3): 109–116. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233497879.
- ↑ Henderson, Andrew J.; Bacon, Christine D. (2011). "Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species". Systematic Botany 36 (4): 883–895. doi:10.1600/036364411x604903.
- ↑ Henderson, Andrew; Dung, Nguyen Quoc (2017-09-29). "New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam" (in en). Phytotaxa 323 (2): 159. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.4. ISSN 1179-3163. https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.323.2.4.
Wikidata ☰ Q1229280 entry
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