Biology:Trachiniformes

Short description: Order of fishes

Trachiniformes
Trachinus araneus, Sardinia
Ammodytes personatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Clade:	Percomorpha
Order:	Trachiniformes
Families
see text

Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish, whose contents are traditionally placed in suborder Trachinoidei of Perciformes.

However, Trachiniformes is recovered as polyphyletic in recent large scale molecular phylogenetic studies. Trachinidae itself is recovered as part of Percoidei, while other families respectively belong to Scombriformes, Gobiiformes, new orders Uranoscopiformes and Pempheriformes, and other clades in Perciformes.

Timeline of genera

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from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleocene
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
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from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
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color:eocene bar:NAM1  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Ammodytes
color:eocene bar:NAM2  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Trachinus
color:eocene bar:NAM3  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Uranoscopus
color:eocene bar:NAM4  from:	-37.2	till:	0	text:	Bembrops
color:oligocene bar:NAM5  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Hemerocoetes
color:oligocene bar:NAM6  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Parapercis
color:oligocene bar:NAM7  from:	-33.9	till:	0	text:	Pseudoscopelus
color:oligocene bar:NAM8  from:	-28.4	till:	0	text:	Leptoscopus
color:miocene bar:NAM9  from:	-15.97	till:	0	text:	Hyperoplus

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from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eocene 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligocene            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Miocene
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

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from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
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Families

The following families make up the Trachiniformes: (with respectively belonging taxa following the molecular phylogenies)

• Ammodytidae Bonaparte, 1832 - sandeels or sandlances (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
• Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 - the swallowers (considered as part of Scombriformes).
• Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - gulpers, gapers or crocodile toothfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
• Cheimarrichthyidae Regan, 1913 - New Zealand torrentfishes (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
• Creediidae Waite, 1899 - sandburrowers (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
• Leptoscopidae Gill, 1859 - southern sandfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
• Percophidae Swainson, 1839 - duckbills (as a polyphyly, respectively part of Pempheriformes and Perciformes (Notothenioidei and Bembropoidei)).
• Pinguipedidae Günther, 1860 - sandperches (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
• Trachinidae Rafinesque, 181 - weeverfishes (considered as part of Percoidei, belong to Perciformes).
• Trichodontidae Bleeker, 1859 - sandfish (considered as a part of Cottoidei, belong to Scorpaeniformes).
• Trichonotidae Günther, 1861 - sanddivers (considered to form the monotypic Trichonotoidei, belong to Gobiiformes).
• Uranoscopidae Bonaparte, 1831 - stargazers (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).

References

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 363: 1–560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-19. 

Wikidata ☰ Q1049466 entry