Biology:Torix (annelid)

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Short description: Genus of leech
This article is about the leech genus. For the Canadian stock exchange, see TORIX.

Torix
Torix cotylifer ventral view.jpg
T. cotylifer. The scale bar is equal to 1 millimetre (0.039 in)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Annelida
Class:
Clitellata
Subclass:
Hirudinea
Order:
Rhynchobdellida
Family:
Glossiphoniidae
Genus:
Torix

Blanchard, 1893
Type species
Torix mirus
Blanchard, 1893
Species
disputed, see text
Synonyms
  • Oligoclepsis Oka, 1935

Torix is a genus of Rhynchobdellid leeches in the family Glossiphoniidae, found in Eastern Asia and Japan.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Rana japonica, the Japanese brown frog, is the main host of T. tagoi.[8]

Rickettsia bacterial infection

Two members of the genus, T. tagoi and T. tukubana, show high percentages of Rickettsia infection in the wild; 96% and 83% respectively, according to a 2003 study.[8] Eggs of T. tagoi were found to all contain the bacteria, indicating the bacteria is almost always passed on to the next generation (vertical transmission).[8] It was found that infected leeches grew far larger than those uninfected with the bacteria.[8] Another paper concluded that the Rickettsia that acted as endosymbionts in the leeches represented a separate clade of Rickettsia, named the torix clade.[9][10] As T. tagoi feeds on the blood of amphibians such as frogs and newts, it is possible that those amphibians were the route of horizontal transmission.[9]

Species

Photo of a leech, probably a member of the genus Torix, on a frog of the Rana genus uploaded from iNaturalist.

The number of species the genus contains is somewhat disputed between taxonomic databases and scientific papers.

  • Torix cotylifer Blanchard, 1898[11][12]
  • Torix mirus Blanchard, 1893 [11][12]
  • Torix novazealandiae (Dendy & Olliver, 1900) [11]
  • Torix orientalis (Oka, 1925) [11][12]
  • Torix tagoi (Oka, 1925)[11][12]
  • Torix tukubana (Oka, 1935) [11][12]

Torix baicalensis was moved to the genus Glossiphonia.[12]

References

  1. ↑ "Genus Torix" (in en). https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1411469-Torix. 
  2. ↑ "ADW: Torix: CLASSIFICATION". http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Torix/classification/. 
  3. ↑ Zicha, Ondrej. "BioLib: Biological library". https://www.biolib.cz/en/adtaxon/id207351/. 
  4. ↑ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Torix)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2291848&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock. 
  5. ↑ "Torix Blanchard, 1893" (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/2307961. 
  6. ↑ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Torix Blanchard, 1893". https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1545478. 
  7. ↑ "NZOR Name Details - Torix". https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/162910cc-dc8d-4aca-9be6-979303e2e890. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Kikuchi; Fukatsu (30 June 2003). "Rickettsia Infection in Natural Leech Populations". Microbial Ecology 49 (2): 265–271. doi:10.1007/s00248-004-0140-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7777112. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kikuchi, Yoshitomo; Sameshima, Shinya; Kitade, Osamu; Kojima, Junichi; Fukatsu, Takema (Feb 2002). "Novel Clade of Rickettsia spp. from Leeches". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68 (2): 999–1004. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.2.999-1004.2002. ISSN 0099-2240. PMID 11823253. 
  10. ↑ taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Rickettsia endosymbiont of Torix tukubana)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=235683. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Sasaki, Akio (2015). "First Record of Torix tagoi（Oka, 1925）in Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture" (in ja). Natural History of the Tokai District (8): 5-8. http://www.spmnh.jp/report/tokainh08/tokai0802.pdf. "[This genus has 7 species (T. mirus Blanchard，1893- T. baicalensis Schegolev, 1922- T. cotylifer Blanchard, 1898- T. orientalis (Oka, 1925) ・ T. tagoi (Oka, 1925) - T. tukubana (Oka, 1935) ・ T. novazealandiae (Dendy and Olliver, 1925). (Sawyer, 1986).]". 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Kambayashi, Chiaki; Kurabayashi, Atsushi; Nakano, Takafumi (2020-08-11). "Topotype-based redescription of the leech Torix tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 133 (1): 59. doi:10.2988/20-00003. ISSN 0006-324X. https://bioone.org/journals/proceedings-of-the-biological-society-of-washington/volume-133/issue-1/20-00003/Topotype-based-redescription-of-the-leech-Torix-tukubana-Hirudinida/10.2988/20-00003.full. 

Wikidata ☰ Q18519190 entry




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