Biology:Rhaphigaster
| Rhaphigaster | |
|---|---|
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| Rhaphigaster nebulosa dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Pentatomidae |
| Subfamily: | Pentatominae |
| Tribe: | Pentatomini |
| Genus: | Rhaphigaster Laporte, 1833 |
Rhaphigaster is a genus of stink bugs in the family Pentatomidae. Its most well-known member is the mottled shieldbug, Rhaphigaster nebulosa.
Description
Rhaphigaster are relatively large stink bugs. On the underside of the body is a spinelike process extending forward from the third abdominal sternite.[1]
A feature of Rhaphigaster and some other pentatomid genera is the connexival groove. This is the line between the dorsal and ventral laterotergites of the connexiva, and it occurs on the dorsal surface of the connexiva (in most other pentatomids, this line is on the lateral margin instead). The exact position of the connexival groove in Rhapigaster is highly variable.[1]
Ecology
Stink bugs of this genus are herbivores. The common R. nebulosa feeds on a wide variety of plants in the families Anacardiaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae, Malaceae, Platanaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae and Ulmaceae.[2] Rhaphigaster brevispina is associated with apple (also a host plant for R. nebulosa) and ash.[2] Rhaphigaster genitalia has been recorded from chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera).[3] Lastly, R. haraldi has been recorded from cork oak (Quercus suber).[4]
Species
Listed below are the species of Rhaphigaster, along with their distributions:
- Rhaphigaster brevispina Horváth, 1889 - Central Asia extending to China and Mongolia, and Israel[2]
- Rhaphigaster genitalia Yang, 1934 - China[1][3]
- Rhaphigaster haraldi Lindberg, 1932 - Maghreb[1]
- Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda, 1761) - Europe (except Great Britain and Scandinavia), Maghreb, Near East, Caucasus, Central Asia, Pakistan[2]
The type species, R. nebulosa, was originally described by Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus in 1761 as Cimex nebulosus.[5] It was transferred to the new genus Rhaphigaster by François-Louis Laporte in 1833.[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ribes, J.; Pagola-Carte, S.; Ribes, E. (2006). "On a new systematic character in genus Rhaphigaster Laporte, 1833 and an unnamed groove in Pentatomoidea". Russian Entomological Journal 15 (2): 197–200. https://kmkjournals.com/upload/PDF/REJ/15/ent15_2%20197_200%20Ribes_et_al.pdf.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Ghahari, Hassan; Moulet, Pierre; Rider, David A. (2014-07-15). "An annotated catalog of the Iranian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha)". Zootaxa 3837 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3837.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3837.1.1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zheng, H.; Wu, Y.; Ding, J.; Binion, D.; Fu, W.; Reardon, R. (2005). Invasive Plants Established in the United States that are Found in Asia and Their Associated Natural Enemies - Volume 2. pp. 20–21 & 114–120. https://www.invasive.org/weeds/asianv2.pdf.
- ↑ Linnavuori, R. (1965). "Studies on the South- and Eastmediterranean Hemipterous Fauna". Acta Entomologica Fennica 21. http://research.amnh.org/pbi/library/4070.pdf.
- ↑ "Cimex nebulosus Poda, 1761, new species - Plazi TreatmentBank". https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A4E7272-420C-4CC5-953B-B6AA130F3AFD.
- ↑ Laporte, F. L. de (1833). "Essai d'une classification systématique de l'ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.)". Magasin de Zoologie 2: 17–88. https://www.worldcat.org/title/essai-dune-classification-systematique-de-lordre-des-hemipteres-hemipteres-heteropteres-latr/oclc/238887342.
Wikidata ☰ Q21334087 entry
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