Biology:Proglucagon
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Proglucagon is a protein that is cleaved from preproglucagon. Preproglucagon in humans is encoded by the GCG gene.[1][2]
Proglucagon is a precursor of glucagon, and several other components. It is generated in the alpha cells of the pancreas and in the intestinal L cells in the distal ileum and colon. It is also cleaved into the following components in different organs:
- Signal peptide (1-20) – removed from preproglucagon to form proglucagon
- Glicentin (21–89)
- Glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP, 21-50)
- Oxyntomodulin (OXY or OXM, 53–89)
- Glucagon (53–81)
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1, 92–128) – first seven residues further cleaved
- Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2, 146–178)
Proglucagon itself is a protein with three repeats of slightly different secretin family hormones to be cleaved to form mature hormones.[3]
References
- ↑ "Localization of the human glucagon gene (GCG) to chromosome segment 2q36–37". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 38 (1): 76–79. 1984. doi:10.1159/000132034. PMID 6546710.
- ↑ "Structure of the human glucagon gene". Nucleic Acids Research 14 (12): 4719–4730. June 1986. doi:10.1093/nar/14.12.4719. PMID 3725587.
- ↑ "Isolation of peptide hormones from the pancreas of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Amino acid sequences of pancreatic polypeptide, oxyntomodulin, and two glucagon-like peptides". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 263 (20): 9746–9751. July 1988. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81581-8. PMID 3260236.
Further reading
- "Biologic actions and therapeutic potential of the proglucagon-derived peptides". Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism 1 (1): 22–31. November 2005. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0017. PMID 16929363.
External links
- "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Glucagon Synthesis and Secretion". lawsonimaging.ca. http://www.lawsonimaging.ca/investigators/sdhanvan/research2.htm.
- "PC1 Cleavage Sites". phoenixpeptide.com. http://www.phoenixpeptide.com/Catalog%20Files/GLP-1/ee0929017001.gif.
- "GLP-1 is Derived From Proglucagon". medscape.com. http://images.medscape.com/pi/editorial/cmecircle/2004/3418/images/slide037.gif.
- "Pro-glucagon". PDBe-KB Aggregated Views of Proteins. Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire: EMBL-EBI. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P01275.
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