Biology:Plecia

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Short description: Genus of March flies

Plecia
Plecia ruficollis op Setaria megaphylla, Manie vd Schijff BT, e.jpg
P. ruficollis mating pair on underside
of Setaria megaphylla leaf
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Bibionidae
Genus: Plecia
Wiedemann, 1828
Type species
Hirtea fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
Species
See text
Synonyms
  • Heteroplecia Hardy, 1950[1]
Close-up of head, P. nearctica

Plecia is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.

Species

Extant species

  • P. acutirostris Luo & Yang, 1988
  • P. adiastola Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • P. affinidecora Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. americana Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. amplipennis Skuse, 1888[4]
  • P. aruensis Edwards, 1925[5]
  • P. angularis Luo & Yang, 1988
  • P. avicephaliforma Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. bicuspidata Luo & Yang, 1988
  • P. bifida Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. bifoliolata Luo & Yang, 1988
  • P. bisulca Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. boliviana Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. chinensis Hardy, 1949
  • P. crenula Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. curtispina Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. cuspidata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. digitiformis Luo & Yang, 1988
  • P. dileracabilis Yang & Luo, 1989
  • P. dimidiata Macquart, 1846
  • P. duplicis Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. edwardsi Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. emeiensis Yang & Luo, 1989
  • P. erebea Skuse, 1889
  • P. erebeoidea Hardy, 1982
  • P. forcipiformis Yang & Luo, 1989
  • P. fulvicollis (Fabricius, 1805)
  • P. hadrosoma Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • P. hamata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. impilosa Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. intricata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. javensis Edwards, 1925[5]
  • P. lateralis Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. lieftincki Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. longifolia Yang & Luo, 1989
  • P. longiforceps Duda, 1933
  • P. lopesi Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. mandibuliformis Yang & Luo
  • P. membranifera Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • P. multilobata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. nagatomii Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • P. nearctica Hardy, 1940[3] – Lovebug
  • P. obtusicornis Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. obtusilobata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. oculastra Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. okadai Hardy & Takahashi, 1960
  • P. ornaticornis Skuse, 1889
  • P. patula Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. pellucida Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. persimilis Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. plagiata Wiedemann, 1824
  • P. propeforcipata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. propria Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. protea Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. pruinosa Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. pudica Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. punctulata Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. ramosa Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. rhinigera Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. rostellata Loew, 1858
  • P. rufangularis Luo & Yang, 1988
  • P. ruficollis (Olivier, 1789) – Harlequin fly
  • P. rufimarginata Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. rufiscutella Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. rugosa Hardy, 1940[3]
  • P. serrifera Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. spilota Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. stricta Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. tephra Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. tetrascolata Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. thulinigra Hardy, 1961
  • P. trifida Hardy, 1968[2]
  • P. triquetra Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. trunca Fitzgerald, 1998
  • P. xyele Fitzgerald, 1998


Fossil species

Many fossil species have been assigned to Plecia with ages dating from the Cretaceous (Campanian) through the early Pleistocene (Gelasian):[6]

Cretaceous

  • P. myersi Peterson, 1975 (Campanian, Canadian Amber, MB)

Paleocene

  • P. undans Zeuner, 1941 (Thanetian, ArdTun head, UK)

Eocene

Ypresian, Allenby Formation, Canada
  • P. angustipennis (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • P. canadensis (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • P. elatior (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • P. minutula Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
  • P. nana (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • P. pictipennis (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • P. pulchra (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • P. pulla (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • P. similkameena Scudder, 1879 (Allenby Formation)
  • P. transitoria (Handlirsch, 1910) (Allenby Formation)
  • P. tulameenensis Rice, 1959 (Allenby Formation)
Ypresian, Driftwood shales, Canada
  • P. cairnesi Rice, 1959
Ypresian, Horsefly Shales, Canada
  • P. avus (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • P. curtula (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • P. dilatata (Handlirsch, 1910)
  • P. platyptera (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)
  • P. reducta (Handlirsch, 1910) (Horsefly Shales)
Ypresian, "Mission Creek site", Canada
  • P. kelownaensis Rice, 1959
Ypresian, Oise amber, France
  • P. parisiensis Gee et al., 2001
Ypresian, Green River Formation, USA
  • P. akerionana Fitzgerald, 1999
  • P. dejecta Scudder, 1890
  • P. pealei Scudder, 1890
  • P. rhodopterina Cockerell, 1925
  • P. winchesteri Cockerell, 1917
  • P. woodruffi Cockerell, 1916
Priabonian, Baltic Amber
  • P. borussica Meunier, 1904
  • P. brunniptera Skartveit, 2009
  • P. clavifemur Skartveit, 2009
  • P. hoffeinsorum Skartveit, 2009
  • P. prisca Meunier, 1899
  • P. tenuicornis Skartveit, 2009
Priabonian, France
  • P. angustiventris Theobald, 1937 ( Célas site, France)
  • P. chapuisii Oustalet, 1872
  • P. dumasi Theobald, 1937
  • P. foersteri Theobald, 1937
Pribonian, United Kingdom
  • P. acourti Cockerell, 1921 (Bembridge Marls, UK)
Priabonian, Florissant Formation, USA
  • P. axeliana Cockerell, 1915
  • P. decapitata Cockerell, 1917
  • P. explanata Cockerell, 1917
  • P. gradata Melander, 1949
  • P. melanderi Cockerell, 1911
  • P. orycta Melander, 1949
  • P. tessella Melander, 1949


Oligocene

Rupelian, Brunstatt, France
  • P. gracillima Förster, 1891
Rupelian, Corent, France
  • P. joannis Oustalet, 1870
  • P. larteti Oustalet, 1870
  • P. longipennis Oustalet, 1870
  • P. pallida Oustalet, 1870
  • P. rubescens Oustalet, 1870
  • P. sauvagei Oustalet, 1870
Rupelian, Calcaires de Vacheres Formation, France
  • P. assonensis Gentilini, 1993
  • P. larguensis Gentilini, 1993
  • P. maimensis Gentilini, 1993
Rupelian, Chadrat, France
  • P. oustaleti Brongniart, 1876
Chattian, Niveau du gypse d'Aix, France
  • P. livida Heer, 1849
  • P. painvini Meunier, 1915
  • P. retracta Theobald, 1937
  • P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865
Chattian, Camoins-les-Bains, France
  • P. theobaldi Skartveit & Nel, 2017
Chattian, Rott Formation, Germany
  • P. collossea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • P. conica Theobald, 1937
  • P. dubia (Germar, 1837)
  • P. exigua Statz, 1943
  • P. gracilenta (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • P. grossa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • P. hypogaea (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • P. inflata Oustalet, 1870
  • P. luctuosa Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • P. luteola Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • P. lygaeoides Heer, 1849
  • P. macrocephala (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • P. morio Heer, 1849
  • P. pennata Statz, 1943
  • P. pinguis (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • P. proserpina Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • P. rhenana Heyden & Heyden, 1865
  • P. sturmi Statz, 1943
  • P. stygia (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)
  • P. winnertzi (Heyden & Heyden, 1865)


Miocene

Aquitanian, Mexican amber, Mexico
  • P. pristina Hardy, 1971
Burdigalian, Shanwang Formation. China
  • P. aculeolata Zhang, 1989
  • P. bivalvula Zhang, 1993
  • P. capitata Zhang et al., 1994
  • P. diatoma Zhang, 1989
  • P. fumosa Zhang et al., 1994
  • P. gracilentula Evenhuis, 1994
  • P. ludongensis Hong & Wang 1985
  • P. platoptera Zhang, 1993
  • P. rectivenia Zhang, 1989
  • P. solaris Zhang, 1989
  • P. spinula Zhang, 1989
  • P. villosa Zhang, 1989
  • P. vulcania Zhang, 1989
Burdigalian, Kudia River site, Russia
  • P. amagua Cockerell, 1925
  • P. obsitula Cockerell, 1925
  • P. kuznetzovi Cockerell, 1925
  • P. kudiella Cockerell, 1925
  • P. redempta Cockerell, 1925
  • P. refracta Cockerell, 1925
Burdigalian - Langhian, Cypris Formation, Czech Republic
  • P. quaesita Novák, 1878
Langhian, Chojabaru Formation, Japan
  • P. kanetakii Fujiyama, 1970
Serravallian, Radoboj Formation, Croatia
  • P. bucklandi Heer, 1849
Serravallian, Oehningen beds Member (Upper Freshwater-Molasse), Germany
  • P. hilaris Heer, 1849
  • P. jucunda Heer, 1849
  • P. macilenta Skartveit & Pika, 2014
Messinian, Monte Castellaro, Italy
  • P. baglii Gentilini, 1991
  • P. castellaroi Gentilini, 1991
  • P. pisaurensis Gentilini, 1991


Pliocene

Piacenzian, Togo Formation, Japan
  • P. intima Fujiyama & Iwao, 1974

Pleistocene

Gelasian, Lac Chambon, France
  • P. brunneipennis Piton, 1939
  • P. vergnei Piton, 1935

Revision of the Bibionidae fossil record from the Oligocene of Germany by Skartveit and Wedmann (2021) included the redescription of a number of Plecia species.[7]

  • Hesperinus heeri (Heyden & Heyden, 1865) (formerly Plecia heeri and syn P. elegantula )

References

  1. Hardy, D. Elmo (1950). "Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I.". Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 14: 75–85. 
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 Hardy, D. Elmo (1968). "Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea". Pacific Insects (Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A.: The Bishop Museum) 10 (3-4): 443–513. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/10(3)-443.pdf. Retrieved 10 August 2017. 
  3. 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Hardy, D. Elmo (1940). "Studies in New World Plecia (Bibionidae: Diptera)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society (Kansas: Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society) 13 (1): 15–27. 
  4. Skuse, F. A. A. (1888). "Diptera of Australia. Part I". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3 (2): 17–145, pls. 2–3.. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36009431#page/671/mode/1up. Retrieved 10 August 2017. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 Edwards, F. W. (1925). "Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. [II.]". Treubia 6: 154–172. 
  6. Fossilworks Plecia 12 July 2021
  7. Skartveit, J.; Wedmann, S. (2021). "A revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from the Oligocene of Germany". Zootaxa 4909 (1): 1–77. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4909.1.1. 

Wikidata ☰ Q11995850 entry