Biology:List of Ericaceae genera

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Bell heather, Erica cinerea, is the type species of the family.

This is a list of genera in the plant family Ericaceae, which includes the heaths, heathers, epacrids, and blueberries. As currently circumscribed, the family contains about 4000 species into more than 120 genera classified into 9 subfamilies.[1]

Current understanding

The list shown here follows the phylogenetic classification of Kron et al. (2002),[2] with modifications as per Stevens et al. (2004),[3] Quinn et al. (2005),[4] Albrecht et al. (2010),[5] Gillespie & Kron (2010),[6] and Craven (2011).[7]

Nonetheless, much of the taxonomy within the Vaccinioideae is in flux. Multiple studies of the Gaultherieae have now shown Pernettya, Diplycosia (already including Pernettyopsis), and Tepuia to be nested within Gaultheria,[8][9] although publication formalizing the transfers are yet to be published. Similarly, most of Vaccinieae has not been investigated using molecular techniques, and many genera are likely paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Neotropical and Old World Vaccinioideae are particularly poorly known.[10]

Relevant recent synonymy include Bruckenthalia with Erica,[11] Leiophyllum and Loiseleuria with Kalmia,[12] and Diplarche and Menziesia with Rhododendron.[7]

Genera

Genus Authority Year Subfamily / Tribe Type species # of species Distribution
Enkianthus Lour.[13] 1791 Enkianthoideae Enkianthus quinqueflorus Lour. 16 Southeast Asia
Chimaphila Pursh[14] 1813 ("1814") Pyroloideae Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh 5 North and Central America, Eurasia
Moneses Salisb. ex S.F.Gray[15] 1821 Pyroloideae Moneses grandiflora[N 1] Salisb. ex S.F.Gray 1 Circumboreal
Orthilia Raf.[16] 1840 Pyroloideae Orthilia parvifolia[N 1] Raf. 1 Canada to Guatemala, Eurasia
Pyrola L.[17] 1753 Pyroloideae Pyrola rotundifolia L. ca. 30 North and Central America, Eurasia
Allotropa Torr. & A.Gray[18] 1858 ("1857") Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Allotropa virgata Torr. & A.Gray 1 Pacific Northwest
Cheilotheca Hook.f.[19] 1876 Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Cheilotheca khasiana Hook.f. 3
Hemitomes A.Gray[18] 1858 ("1857") Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Hemitomes congestum A.Gray 1 West Coast
Monotropa L.[17] 1753 Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Monotropa uniflora L. 2 America, Europe, Asia
Monotropastrum H.Andres[20] 1936 Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Monotropastrum macrocarpum H.Andres 2 or 3 Himalaya to Sumatra and Japan
Monotropsis Schwein.[21] 1817 Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Monotropsis odorata Schwein. 1 Southeastern United States
Pityopus Small[22] 1914 Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Pityopus oregonus[N 2] Small 1 West Coast of the United States
Pleuricospora A.Gray[23] 1868 Monotropoideae / Monotropeae Pleuricospora fimbriolata A.Gray 1 California to British Columbia
Pterospora Nutt.[24] 1919 Monotropoideae / Pterosporeae Pterospora andromedea Nutt. 1 United States and Mexico
Sarcodes Torr.[25] 1851 Monotropoideae / Pterosporeae Sarcodes sanguinea Torr. 1 West Coast of United States and Mexico
Arbutus L.[17] 1753 Arbutoideae Arbutus unedo L. 10 West Coast of Canada to Central America, Mediterranean area
Arctostaphylos Adans.[26] 1763 Arbutoideae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 66 North and Central America, Eurasia
Comarostaphylis Zucc.[27] 1837 Arbutoideae Comarostaphylis arguta[N 3] Zucc. 10 California to Central America
Ornithostaphylos Small[22] 1914 Arbutoideae Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia (Parry) Small 1 California, Mexico
Xylococcus Nutt.[28] 1842 ("1843") Arbutoideae Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. 1 California
Cassiope D.Don[29] 1834 Cassiopeoideae Cassiope tetragona (L.) D.Don 18 Circumboreal
Bryanthus J.G.Gmel.[30][N 4] 1769 Ericoideae / Bryantheae Bryanthus musciformis (Poir.) Nakai
Ledothamnus Meisn.[31] 1863 Ericoideae / Bryantheae Ledothamnus guyanensis Meisn.
Ceratiola Michx.[32] 1803 Ericoideae / Empetreae Ceratiola ericoides Michx. 1 United States
Corema D.Don[33] 1826 Ericoideae / Empetreae Corema album (L.) D.Don ex Steud. 2 North America, Iberian Peninsula
Empetrum L.[17] 1753 Ericoideae / Empetreae Empetrum nigrum L. 3–18[N 5] Circumboreal and southern South America
Calluna Salisb.[36] 1802 Ericoideae / Ericeae Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull 1 European
Daboecia D.Don[29] 1834 Ericoideae / Ericeae Daboecia polifolia[N 6] D.Don 2 Europe
Erica L.[17] 1753 Ericoideae / Ericeae Erica cinerea L. 850+ Afro-Eurasia
Bejaria[N 7] Mutis[37] 1771 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Bejaria aestuans Mutis ex L. 15 South America to United States
Elliottia Muhl. ex Elliott[21] 1817 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Elliottia racemosa Muhl. ex Elliott 4 North America, Japan
Epigaea L.[17] 1753 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Epigaea repens L. 3 North America, Asia
Kalmia L.[17] 1753 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Kalmia latifolia L. 10 Northern hemisphere
Kalmiopsis Rehder[38] 1932 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Kalmiopsis leachiana (L.F.Hend.) Rehder 2 Oregon
Phyllodoce Salisb.[39] 1806 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Phyllodoce taxifolia[N 1] (Pall.) Salisb. 8 North America, Eurasia
Rhodothamnus Rchb.[40] 1827 Ericoideae / Phyllodoceae Rhodothamnus chamaecistus (L.) Rchb.
Rhododendron L.[17] 1753 Ericoideae / Rhodoreae Rhododendron ferrugineum L. 1000+ North America, Eurasia, Australia
Therorhodion[N 8] (Maxim.) Small[43] 1914 Ericoideae / Rhodoreae Therorhodion camtschaticum (Pall. Small) 3 Alaska, Northeast Asia
Harrimanella Coville[44] 1901 Harrimanelloideae Harrimanella stelleriana (Pall.) Coville 2 Circumboreal
Archeria Hook.f.[45] 1857 Epacridoideae / Archerieae None designated 6 Tasmania, New Zealand
Andersonia R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Cosmelieae None designated ca. 50 Western Australia
Cosmelia R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Cosmelieae Cosmelia rubra R.Br. 2 Western Australia
Sprengelia Sm.[47] 1794 Epacridoideae / Cosmelieae Sprengelia incarnata 4 Australia
Epacris Cav.[48] 1797 Epacridoideae / Epacrideae Epacris longiflora Cav. 30+ Oceania
Lysinema R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Epacrideae None designated 6 Australia
Woollsia F.Muell.[49] 1873 Epacridoideae / Epacrideae Woollsia pungens (Cav.) F.Muell. 1 Australia
Dielsiodoxa Albr.[5] 2010 Epacridoideae / Oligarrheneae Dielsiodoxa tamariscina (F.Muell.) Albr. 5 Australia
Needhamiella[N 9] L.Watson[51] 1965 Epacridoideae / Oligarrheneae Needhamiella pumilio (R.Br.) L.Watson 1 Western Australia
Oligarrhena R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Oligarrheneae Oligarrhena micrantha R.Br. 1 Australia
Lebetanthus[N 10] Endl.[52] 1841 Epacridoideae / Prionoteae Lebetanthus americana[N 11] (Hook.f.) Hook.f. 1 South America
Prionotes R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Prionoteae Prionotes cerinthoides (Labill. R.Br.) 1 Tasmania
Dracophyllum Labill.[54] 1800 Epacridoideae / Richeeae Dracophyllum verticillatum Labill. ca. 100 Oceania
Richea[N 12] R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Richeeae Richea dracophylla R.Br. 11 Australia, Tasmania
Sphenotoma (R.Br.) Sweet[N 13][55] 1828 Epacridoideae / Richeeae Sphenotoma gracilis (R.Br.) Sweet 6
Acrothamnus Quinn[4] 2005 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Acrothamnus maccraei (F.Muell.) Quinn 5+ Oceania
Acrotriche R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Acrotriche divaricata[N 14] R.Br. 16 Australia
Agiortia Quinn[4] 2005 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Agiortia cicatricata (J.M.Powell) Quinn 3 Australia
Androstoma Hook.f.[45] 1844 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Androstoma empetrifolia Hook.f. 2 Australia, New Zealand
Astroloma R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae none designated ca. 10 Australia
Brachyloma Sond.[57] 1845 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Brachyloma preissii Sond. 7 Australia
Coleanthera Stschegl.[58] 1859 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Coleanthera myrtoides 3 Australia
Conostephium Benth.[59] 1837 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Conostephium pendulum Benth. ca. 10 Australia
Croninia J.M.Powell[60] 1993 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Croninia kingiana (F.Muell.) J.M.Powell 1 Australia
Cyathodes Labill.[61] 1805 (1804) Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Cyathodes glauca[N 15] Labill. 5(?) Australia
Cyathopsis Brongn. & Gris[63][64][N 16] 1864 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Cyathopsis floribunda Brongn. & Gris 3 New Caledonia
Decatoca F.Muell.[66] 1889 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Decatoca spencerii 1 New Guinea
Leptecophylla C.M.Weiller[67] 1999 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Leptecophylla juniperina (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) C.M.Weiller 12 Oceania
Leucopogon R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Leucopogon lanceolatus[N 17] 150+ Oceania
Lissanthe R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Lissanthe strigosa[N 18] (Sm.) R.Br. 7 Australia
Melichrus R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Melichrus procumbens (Cav.) Druce ca. 10 Australia
Monotoca R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Monotoca scoparia (Sm.) R.Br. 17 Australia
Montitega C.M.Weiller[5] 1993 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Montitega dealbata (R.Br.) C.M.Weiller 1 Australia
Pentachondra R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae None designated[N 19] 4–5 Australia, New Zealand
Planocarpa C.M.Weiller[69] 1996 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Planocarpa petiolaris (DC.) C.M.Weiller 3 Tasmania
Styphelia Sm.[70] 1795 ("1793") Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Styphelia tubuliflora Sm. Oceania
Trochocarpa R.Br.[46] 1810 Epacridoideae / Styphelieae Trochocarpa laurina (Rudge R.Br.) 10? Australia, Malesia
Andromeda L.[17] 1753 Vaccinioideae / Andromedeae Andromeda polifolia L. 1 or 2 Circumboreal
Zenobia D.Don[29] 1834 Vaccinioideae / Andromedeae Zenobia speciosa[N 20] (Michx.) D.Don 1 Southeastern United States
Chamaedaphne Moench[71] 1794 Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench 1 Circumboreal
Diplycosia Blume[72] 1826 Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae None designated[N 21] ca. 110 Southeast Asia
Eubotrys Nutt.[28] 1842 ("1843") Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae Eubotrys racemosa (L.) Nutt. 2 Eastern United States
Gaultheria L.[17] 1753 Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae Gaultheria procumbens L. ca. 115 Circumpacific, Americas
Leucothoe D.Don[29] 1834 Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae Leucothoe axillaria (Lam.) D.Don 5 United States, East Asia
Pernettya[N 22] Gaudich.[73] 1825 Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae Pernettya empetrifolia[N 23] (Lam.) Gaudich. Southern America, Oceania
Tepuia Camp[74] 1939 Vaccinioideae / Gaultherieae Tepuia tatei[N 24] Camp 7 South America
Agarista D.Don ex G.Don[76] 1834 Vaccinioideae / Lyonieae Agarista nummularia (Cham. & Schltdl.) G.Don ca. 30 Americas, Africa, Madagascar
Craibiodendron W.W.Sm.[77] 1911 Vaccinioideae / Lyonieae Craibiodendron shanicum[N 25] W.W.Sm. 5 India, China, Indochina
Lyonia Nutt.[24] 1919 Vaccinioideae / Lyonieae Lyonia ferruginea (Walter) Nutt. 35 United States to Mexico and Caribbeans, East Asia
Pieris D.Don[29] 1834 Vaccinioideae / Lyonieae Pieris formosa (Wall.) D.Don 7 United States, Cuba, East Asia
Oxydendrum DC.[78] 1839 Vaccinioideae / Oxydendreae Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. 1 United States
Agapetes D.Don ex G.Don[76] 1834 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Agapetes setigera (Wall.) D.Don ex G.Don 80+ Himalaya
Anthopteropsis A.C.Sm.[79] 1941 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Anthopteropsis insignis A.C.Sm. 1 Panama
Anthopterus Hook.[80] 1839 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Anthopterus racemosus Hook. ca. 20 Neotropical
Cavendishia Lindl.[81] 1835 ("1836") Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Cavendishia nobilis Lindl. ca. 100 Neotropical
Ceratostema Juss.[82] 1789 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Ceratostema peruvianum J.F.Gmel. 35 Andes
Costera J.J.Sm.[83] 1910 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Costera ovalifolia J.J.Sm. 10
Demosthenesia A.C.Sm.[84] 1936 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Demosthenesia mandonii (Britton) A.C.Sm. 12 Neotropical
Didonica Luteyn & Wilbur[85] 1977 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Didonica pendula Luteyn & Wilbur 4 Neotropical
Dimorphanthera[N 26] N/A Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae None designated 80+ Malesia to Australia
Diogenesia Sleumer[86] 1934 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Diogenesia octandra Sleumer 13 Eastern Venezuela, Northern Andes
Disterigma (Klotzsch) Nied.[87] 1889 ("1890") Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Disterigma empetrifolium (Kunth) Drude ca. 40 Mexico to Northern South America
Gaylussacia Kunth[88] 1819 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Gaylussacia buxifolia Kunth 50 Americas
Gonocalyx Planch. & Linden[89] 1856 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Gonocalyx pulcher Planch. & Linden 11 Southern America
Lateropora A.C.Sm.[90] 1932[N 27] Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Lateropora ovata A.C.Sm. 3
Macleania Hook.[80] 1837 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Macleania floribunda Hook. ca. 50 Southern Mexico to Peru
Mycerinus A.C.Sm.[91] 1931 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Mycerinus sclerophyllus A.C.Sm. 3 Southern America
Notopora Hook.f.[92] 1873 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Notopora schomburgkii[N 28] Hook.f. 5
Oreanthes Benth.[93] 1844 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Oreanthes buxifolius Benth. 7 Neotropical
Orthaea Klotzsch[94] 1851 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Orthaea secundiflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Klotzsch 34 Neotropical
Paphia Seem.[95] 1864 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Paphia vitiensis Seem. 20+ Australasia
Pellegrinia Sleumer[96] 1935 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Pellegrinia grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) Sleumer 6
Periclesia A.C.Sm.[97] 1935 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Periclesia flexuosa A.C.Sm. 1 Ecuador
Plutarchia A.C.Sm.[84] 1936 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Plutarchia rigida (Benth.) A.C.Sm. 11 Ecuador, Colombia
Polyclita A.C.Sm.[84] 1936 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Polyclita turbinata (Kuntze) A.C.Sm. 1
Psammisia Klotzsch[94] 1851 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Psammisia falcata Klotzsch 70 Neotropical
Rusbya Britton[98] 1893 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae None designated[N 29] 1 Bolivia
Satyria Klotzsch[94] 1851 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Satyria warszewiczii Klotzsch
Semiramisia Klotzsch[94] 1851 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Semiramisia speciosa (Benth.) Klotzsch 4 Ecuador, Venezuela to Peru
Siphonandra[N 30] Klotzsch[94] 1851 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Siphonandra elliptica (Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) Klotzsch 3 Neotropical
Sphyrospermum Poepp. & Endl.[101] 1835 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Sphyrospermum buxifolium Poepp. & Endl. 22 Neotropical
Symphysia C.Presl[102] 1827 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Symphysia martinicensis[N 31] C.Presl
Themistoclesia Klotzsch[94] 1851 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Themistoclesia pendula[N 32] 22 Costa Rica to Peru
Thibaudia Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil.[103][N 33] 1805 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Thibaudia mellifera[N 34] Ruiz & Pav. ex J.St.-Hil. 60 Neotropical
Utleya Wilbur & Luteyn[85] 1977 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Utleya costaricensis Wilbur & Luteyn 1
Vaccinium L.[17] 1753 Vaccinioideae / Vaccinieae Vaccinium uliginosum L. 500+ Near cosmopolitan

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 As unnecessary renamings of species described earlier by Carl Linnaeus, these names are illegitimate and treated respectively as Moneses uniflora (L.) A.Gray, Orthilia secunda (L.) House, and Phyllodoce caerulea (L.) Bab.
  2. ↑ Small's species, which he originally named Pityopus oregona, was later found to be the same as Alice Eastwood's Monotropa californica. It is now treated as Pityopus californius (Eastw.) H.F.Copel.
  3. ↑ Currently treated as a synonym of Comarostaphylis discolor (Hook.) Diggs.
  4. ↑ The name is often attributed to David Don.[29] Although no valid species name were published in the two last volumes of Gmelin's work (which did not use the Linnean binomial system), his genera are considered valid.
  5. ↑ Murray et al. (2009)[34] note that there are no recent comprehensive reviews of this genus "where different authors rarely, if ever, arrive at the same conclusion." (Hultén, 1971)[35]
  6. ↑ The correct name of the species is Daboecia cantabrica (Huds.) K.Koch
  7. ↑ As Befaria. The corrected spelling was later conserved.
  8. ↑ John Lindley and Joseph Paxton had originally moved Pallas' Rhododendron camtschaticum to a new genus Rhodothamnus,[41] a name that Reichenbach had already coined for another Ericacea genus.[40] Small elevated Carl Maximowicz' Rhododendron sect. Therorhodion[42] to generic level to replace that name.
  9. ↑ Robert Brown's original Needhamia[46] could not be used because Needhamia Scop.,[50] a rejected synonym of Tephrosia (Fabaceae) antedates it.
  10. ↑ Endlicher substituted this name (as "Lebethanthus") for his own Allodape,[52] which he considered preoccupied by Allodape Lepeletier & Serville 1825,[53] a genus of bees. Since homonymy with zoological name is irrelevant under the ICN (Art. 54.1), preserving the usage of the later name (with corrected spelling) required its conservation.
  11. ↑ Now included within Lebetanthus myrsinites (Lam.) Dusén.
  12. ↑ Sometimes misattributed to Labillardière,[54] but that name is a rejected name against Brown's, and a synonym of Craspedia (Asteraceae:Gnaphalieae).
  13. ↑ Not "R.Br. ex Sweet" or just "Sweet". Brown's Dracophyllum [unranked] Sphenotoma[46] had no rank attached. Although such names cannot affect priority, they can still serve as basionyms so long as they are validly published (ICBN, art. 35).
  14. ↑ Not recorded in ING (Index Nominum Genericorum), but see Paterson (1960)[56]
  15. ↑ Not recorded in ING, but see Weiller (1996)[62]
  16. ↑ ING and IPNI cite both journals but the issue of the Bulletin was not published before late January 1865.[65]
  17. ↑ An illegitimate renaming of Henry Cranke Andrews Styphelia parviflora. The correct name is Leucopogon parviflorus (Andrews) Lindl.
  18. ↑ Not recorded in APNI or ING, but see Crayn et al. (2003)[68]
  19. ↑ This would have to be either Pentachondra involucrata or Pentachondra pumilla.
  20. ↑ The genus' sole species is now known as Zenobia pulverulanta (W.Bartram ex Willd.) Pollard
  21. ↑ This would be either Diplycosia pilosa, D. heterophylla or D. latifolia (≡D. heterophylla var. latifolia).
  22. ↑ Gaudichaud originally spelled the name, which honors Antoine-Joseph Pernety, as "Pernettia". The spelling was later conserved with "y".
  23. ↑ The correct name in Pernettya is Pernettya pumila (L.f.) Hook. Although the species is known to belong in Gaultheria, it currently lacks a name in that genus (Gaultheria pumila Hook. already exists).
  24. ↑ Although Tepuia species now belong to Gaultheria, this species currently lacks a valid name in the latter genus because of the existence of Gaultheria tatei A.C.Sm.[75]
  25. ↑ Currently treated as a synonym of Craibiodendron stellatum (Pierre) W.W.Sm.
  26. ↑ Authorship, date and proper place of publication of this genus are listed in a number of different, contradictory ways.
  27. ↑ A printing error misstates the year as "1942".
  28. ↑ Hooker also listed the species with the epithet "schomburgkiana".
  29. ↑ This would have to be Rusbya taxifolia, as the other of Britton's original species is currently treated as Demosthenesia pearcei (Britton) A.C.Sm. and its designation as lectotype would replace Demosthenesia with Rusbya.
  30. ↑ Because the name is preceded by Siphonandra Turcz.,[99] it has been proposed for conservation.[100]
  31. ↑ A synonym of Symphysia racemosa (Vahl) Stearn
  32. ↑ A synonym for Themistoclesia dependens (Benth.) A.C.Sm.
  33. ↑ The fourth and fifth volumes of Ruiz and Pavón's Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis were not published during their time, but the plates that were to illustrate volume 4 were circulated and lead to the publication of some names.[104]
  34. ↑ It is not clear whether the correct spelling is "mellifera" or "melliflora".

References

  1. ↑ Stevens, P.F. (June 2008). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, Version 9". Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb. 
  2. ↑ Kron, K.A. et al. (2002). "Phylogenetic Classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and Morphological Evidence". Botanical Review 68 (3): 335–423. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0335:PCOEMA2.0.CO;2]. 
  3. ↑ Stevens, P.F. et al. (2004). "Ericaceae". in Klaus Kubitzki. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 6. Berlin: Springer. pp. 145–194. ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=O-tHGAaaf2cC&pg=PA145. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Quinn, Christopher J. et al. (2005). "Generic concepts in Styphelieae (Ericaceae): the Cyathodes group". Australian Systematic Botany 18 (5): 439–454. doi:10.1071/SB05005. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Albrecht, D.E. et al. (2010). "Generic concepts in Ericaceae: Styphelioideae: the Monotoca group". Australian Systematic Botany 23 (5): 320–332. doi:10.1071/SB10009. 
  6. ↑ Gillespie, Emily; Kron, Kathleen (2010). "Molecular phylogenetic relationships and a revised classification of the subfamily Ericoideae (Ericaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2): 343–354. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.028. PMID 20193767. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Craven, L.A. (2011). "Diplarche and Menziesia transferred to Rhododendron (Ericaceae)". Blumea 56 (1): 33–35. doi:10.3767/000651911X568594. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525706. 
  8. ↑ Powell, E. Ann; Kron, Kathleen A. (2001). "An Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships in the Wintergreen Group (Diplycosia, Gaultheria, Pernettya, Tepuia; Ericaceae)". Systematic Botany 26 (4): 808–817. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.4.808. 
  9. ↑ Bush, Catherine M. et al. (2009). "Phylogeny of Gaultherieae (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae) based on DNA sequence data from matK, ndhF, and nrITS". International Journal of Plant Sciences 170 (3): 355–364. doi:10.1086/596330. http://210.72.88.198:8080/bitstream/151853/2241/1/201109070025.PDF. 
  10. ↑ Kron, Kathleen A.; Powell, E. Ann; Luteyn, J.L. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationship within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of Satyria". American Journal of Botany 89 (2): 327–336. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.2.327. PMID 21669741. 
  11. ↑ Oliver, E.G.H. (1996). Nelson, E.C.. ed. "The position of Bruckenthalia versus Erica". Yearbook of the Heather Society 1996: 6. ISSN 0440-5757. 
  12. ↑ Kron, Kathleen A.; King, Jennifer M. (1996). "Cladistic Relationships of Kalmia, Leiophyllum, and Loiseleuria (Phyllodoceae, Ericaceae) Based on rbcL and nrITS Data". Systematic Botany 21 (1): 17–29. doi:10.2307/2419560. 
  13. ↑ de Loureiro, João (1790) (in la). Flora Cochinchinensis. Lisbon: Typis, et expensis academicis. p. 258. http://www.botanicus.org/page/653457. 
  14. ↑ Pursh, Frederick (1814). Flora Americae Septentrionalis. 1. London: White, Cochrance, and Co.. p. 279. http://www.botanicus.org/page/396705. 
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  19. ↑ Bentham, G.; Hooker, J.D. (1876). Genera Plantarum. 2. London: A. Black. p. 605. http://www.botanicus.org/page/657767. 
  20. ↑ Andres, Heinrich (1936). "Pirolaceae". in Handel-Mazzetti, Heinrich (in la). Symbolae Sinicae. 7. Vienna: Springer. pp. 762–768;766. http://www.botanicus.org/page/726175. 
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  23. ↑ Gray, Asa (1868). "Characters of New Plants of California and Elsewhere, Principally of Those Collected by H. N. Bolander in the State Geological Survey". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 7 (2): 327–401;369. doi:10.2307/20179569. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3068921. 
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  25. ↑ Torrey, John (1851). "On Some New Plants Discovered by Col. Fremont, in California". Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 4: 190–193. 
  26. ↑ Adanson, M. (1763) (in fr). Familles des Plantes. 2. Paris: Vincent. p. 165. http://www.botanicus.org/page/848819. 
  27. ↑ Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard (1837). "Plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum, quae in horto botanico herbarioque regio Monacensi servantur, fasciculus secundus" (in la). Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2: 309–380;331. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11356487. 
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  30. ↑ Gmelin, Johann Georg (1769) (in la). Flora Sibirica sive Historia Plantarum Sibiriae. 4. Saint Petersburg: Academy of Sciences. p. 132. http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.ndlpcoop/mtfxtx.g330224999d. 
  31. ↑ Meisner, Carl Friedrich (1863), "Ericaceae", in von Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp (in la), Flora Brasiliensis, 7, Munich: R. Oldenbourg, pp. 119–172;171, http://www.botanicus.org/page/141306 
  32. ↑ Michaux, André (1803) (in la). Flora Boreali-Americana. 2. Paris: Levrault Frères. p. 221. http://www.botanicus.org/page/410895. 
  33. ↑ Don, David (1826). "On the Affinities of the Empetreae, a Natural Group of Plants". Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 2: 59–63. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25426291. 
  34. ↑ Murray, David F.; Mirré, Virginia; Elven, Reidar (2009). "Flora of North America". Flora of North America. 8. p. 486. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=111565. 
  35. ↑ Hultén, E. (1971). "The circumpolar plants. II. Dicotyledons". Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl.. 4 13: 86. 
  36. ↑ Salisbury, Richard Anthony (1802). "Species of Erica" (in la). Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 6: 316–388;317. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1802.tb00489.x. http://www.botanicus.org/page/758465. 
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  38. ↑ Rehder, Alfred (1932). "Kalmiopsis, a New Genus of Ericaceae from Northwest America". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 13 (1): 30–34. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.10810. http://www.botanicus.org/page/996070. 
  39. ↑ Salisbury, Richard Anthony (1806). Paradisus Londinensis: or Coloured Figures of Plants Cultivated in the vicinity of the Metropolis. 1. London: William Hooker. plate 36. http://www.botanicus.org/page/2115183. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Reichenbach, H. G. Ludwig, ed (1827). Dr. Joh. Christ. Mössler's Handbuch der Gewächskunde. 1 (2nd ed.). Hamburg: Johann Friedrich Hammerich. p. 667. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015061234798;view=1up;seq=731. 
  41. ↑ Lindley, John; Paxton, Joseph (1851). Paxton's Flower Garden. 1. London: Bradbury and Evans. p. 113. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10722. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11266936. 
  42. ↑ Maximowicz, C.J. (1871). "Rhododendreae, Asiae Orientalis" (in la). Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. 7e série 16 (9): 47. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46563394. 
  43. ↑ Small, John Kunkel (1914). "Ericaceae". in Britton, N.L.; Murrill, W.A.; Barnhart, J.H.. North American Flora. 29. New York: New York Botanical Garden. pp. 33–102;45. http://www.botanicus.org/page/751166. 
  44. ↑ Coville, Frederick Vernon (1901). "Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXVI Harrimanella, a New Genus of Heathers.". Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 3 (21): 569–576. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8873501. 
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    • Androstoma, Vol. 1, Flora Antarctica (Fl. Antarct.) p. 44
    • Archeria, Vol. 3, Flora Tasmaniae (Fl. Tasman.) p. 262
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  47. ↑ Smith, J. Edw. (1794). "Sprengelia et nytt Orteflagte" (in sv). Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar 15: 260–264. https://books.google.com/books?id=-nlJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA260. 
  48. ↑ Cavanilles, Antonio José (1797) (in la). Icones et descriptiones plantarum. 4. Madrid: Regia Typographia. p. 25. http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=241&Pagina=29. 
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  57. ↑ Sonder, Otto Wilhelm (1845). "BRACHYLOMA Sonder.". in J.G.C., Lehmann (in la). Plantae Preissianae. 1. Hamburg: Sumptibus Meisneri. pp. 304–305. http://www.botanicus.org/page/498477. 
  58. ↑ Stschegleew, S. (1859). "Descriptio Epacridearum novarum" (in la). Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 32 (1): 4–23. 
  59. ↑ Endlicher, Stephan, ed (1837) (in la). Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorumet in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel. Vienna: Fr. Beck University. p. 76. 
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  63. ↑ Brongniart, Ad.; Gris, A. (1864). "Observations sur diverses plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" (in fr). Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique. Cinquième série 2: 124–168;152. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41622126. 
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  66. ↑ Mueller, Ferdinand (1889). "Records of Observations on Sir William MacGregor's Highland-Plants from New Guinea". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. New Series 1 (2): 1–45;25. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36890890. 
  67. ↑ Weiller, C.M. (1999). "Leptecophylla, a New Genus for Species Formerly Included in Cyathodes (Epacridaceae)". Muelleria 12 (2): 195–214. doi:10.5962/p.198397. http://www.anbg.gov.au/apii/ump.show_public_image?v_umo=5808987&quality=ORIGINAL. Retrieved 2012-01-24. 
  68. ↑ Crayn, Darren M. et al. (2003). "A revision of Lissanthe (Styphelioideae: Ericaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany 16 (5): 600. doi:10.1071/SB03014. 
  69. ↑ Weiller, C.M. (1996). "Planocarpa (Epacridaceae), a New Generic Name". Australian Systematic Botany 9 (4): 509–519. doi:10.1071/SB9960509. 
  70. ↑ Smith, James Edward (1793). A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland. London: J.Sowerby. p. 45. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_specimen_of_the_botany_of_New_Holland. 
  71. ↑ Moench, Conrad (1794) (in la). Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis. 2. Marburg: Nova Libraria Academiae. p. 457. http://www.botanicus.org/page/449088. 
  72. ↑ Blume, C.L. (1825–26) (in la). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia: Lands Drukkerij. p. 857. http://www.botanicus.org/page/429555. 
  73. ↑ de Mirbel, Charles François Brisseau (1825). "Rapport sur la Flore des Îles Malouines par M. Gaudichaud" (in fr). Annales des Sciences Naturelles 5: 89–109;102. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2429893. 
  74. ↑ Gleason, H.A.; Killip, E.P. (1939). "The Flora of Mount Auyan-Tepui, Venezuela". Brittonia 3 (2): 141–209;178. doi:10.2307/2804811. 
  75. ↑ Smith, Albert C. (1933). "Studies of South American Plants. III. New Ericaceae and Vacciniaceae". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 60 (2): 99–121. doi:10.2307/2480601. 
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  77. ↑ Smith, William Wright (1911). "Some additions to the flora of the Eastern Himalaya". Records of the Botanical Survey of India 4 (5): 261–282;278. 
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  79. ↑ Woodson, Robert E. Jr.; Schery, Robert W. (1941). "Contributions toward a Flora of Panama. V. Collections chiefly by Paul H. Allen and by Robert E. Woodson, Jr. and Robert W. Schery". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 28 (4): 409–490. doi:10.2307/2394361. http://www.botanicus.org/page/1357139. 
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  82. ↑ de Jussieu, Antoine Laurent (in la). Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita. Paris: Herissant et Theophilum Barrois. p. 163. http://www.botanicus.org/page/878643. 
  83. ↑ Boerlage, Jacob Gijsbert, ed (1910). Icones Bogorienses. 4. Leiden: E.J.Brill. pl. 324. 
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    • Demosthenesia, p. 310
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    • Didonica, p. 255
    • Utleya, p. 267
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  87. ↑ Niedenzu, Franz (1890). "Über den anatomischen Bau der Laubblätter der Arbutoideae und Vaccinioideae in Beziehung zu ihrer systematischen Gruppierung und geographischen Verbreitung" (in de). Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 11: 134–263;209. http://www.botanicus.org/page/199281. 
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