Biology:Endemic Maltese wildlife

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The Maltese Islands, although small in area (316 km2), host many endemic species. This may make the organism endangered. These endemic species are important to the Maltese Islands because they form part of Maltese national heritage and are topics of scientific research.[1]

Introduction

Of the 10,000 estimated terrestrial and freshwater species in the Maltese archipelago,[2] 78 are endemic,[1][unreliable source?] a large number considering the country's size. Only 4,500 species have so far been identified, and others still await correct taxonomic classification,[2] which means that there may be several more endemic species yet to be discovered.

Twenty-three of the endemic species are vascular plants and plants such as bryophytes, while the remaining 55 species are animals.[1]

Plants

Malta hosts around 860 plants of indigenous nature, occurring in the archipelago before man. Another 20 taxa are considered archaeophytes, being introduced through human intervention but having established themselves before 1500 AD A further 180 taxa are of uncertain origin, whilst at least 640 taxa are considered neophytes, having been introduced after 1500 AD, and may include casual alien species. Most importantly, at least 24 endemic vascular plants, and 18 vascular plants that are sub-endemic to the Mediterranean region.[3]

Endemic vascular plants

Image Species name
Allium lojaconoi Dingli Cliffs Malta 02.jpg Allium lojaconoi
Allium melitense (until 2018)
Anacamptis pyramidalis var. urvilleana
Malta - Marsaxlokk - Triq Delimara - Xrobb L-Ghagin - Anthemis urvilleana 02 ies.jpg Anthemis urvilleana
Anthyllis hermanniae subsp. melitensis
Atriplex lanfrancoi
Cheirolophus crassifolius Malta Dingli Cliffs 07.jpg Cheirolophus crassifolius
Chiliadenus bocconei Dingli Cliffs Malta 02.jpg Chiliadenus bocconei
Euphorbia melitensis.JPG Euphorbia melitensis
Helichrysum melitense.JPG Helichrysum panormitanum subsp. melitense, syn. Helichrysum melitense
Gozo Hyoseris.JPG Hyoseris frutescens
Legousia hybrida var. foliosa (extinct)
Limonium melitense Habitus Ghajn Tuffieha Il-Karraba.jpg Limonium melitense
Limonium zeraphae
Matthiola incana subsp. melitensis
Ophrys bombyliflora var. parviflora
Ophrys hospitalis
Ophrys melitensis
Orobanche densiflora 0.jpg Orobanche densiflora
Orobanche mutelii var. melitensis
Polypodium vulgare subsp. melitense
Romulea melitensis
Salsola melitensis
Sedum album subsp. rupi-melitense
Zannichellia melitensis

Sub-endemic vascular plants

Image Species name
Gardenology.org-IMG 2679 ucla09.jpg Calendula maritima
Calendula suffruticosa subsp. fulgida var. gussonei
Daucus carota subsp. rupestris
Daucus lopadusanus
Desmazeria pignattii
Elatine gussonei
Euphorbia exigua var. pycnophylla
Filago cossyrensis
Moraea sisyrinchium var. Moraea sicula
Hymenolobus revelierei subsp. sommieri
Iris pallida synonym Iris sicula
Linaria pseudolaxiflora
Ophrys caesiella
Ophrys calliantha
Ophrys lunulata zingaro 122.jpg Ophrys lunulata
Romulea linaresii
Scilla sicula also known as Scilla peruviana
Senecio pygmaeus

Animals

There are more endemic animals than plants in the Maltese Islands, they are often subspecies of species in nearby countries e.g. the Sicilian shrew in Gozo which has been defined as a subspecies of its own. Endemic animal species include:

Image Species name
Maltese field beetle (Pimelia rugulosa ssp. melitana)
Schembri's spider fly (Ogcodes schembrii)
Maltese ruby tiger moth (Phragmatobia fuliginosa ssp. melitensis)
Maltese swallowtail (Papilio machaon ssp. melitensis)
Maltese freshwater crab (2007).jpg Maltese freshwater crab (Potamon fluviatile ssp. lanfrancoi)
Maltese palpigrade (Eukoenia christiani)
Maltese wall lizard (Podarcis filfolensis - this species has many subspecies, four of which are endemic to the Maltese Islands)
Sicilian shrew (Crocidura sicula ssp. calypso)
Esther's gecko mite (Gekobia estherae)

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Schembri, Patrick. "The Ecology of the Maltese Islands". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031521/http://www.geog.plym.ac.uk/malta/Eco1.htm. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Wildlife of the Maltese Islands, BirdLife Malte and Nature Trust, 1995.
  3. Lanfranco, Edwin (2015). Wild flowers of the Maltese Islands. Guido Bonett. San Gwann. ISBN 978-99957-46-59-9. OCLC 992500794. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/992500794.