Biology:Carnarvonia
| Carnarvonia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Foliage | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Subfamily: | Grevilleoideae |
| Genus: | Carnarvonia F.Muell. |
| Species: | C. araliifolia
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| Binomial name | |
| Carnarvonia araliifolia | |
Carnarvonia is a flowering plant genus of a single species, commonly named red oak or red silky oak and constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. The single species named Carnarvonia araliifolia grows to large trees of 30 m (100 ft) or more. They grow naturally only (endemic) to the Wet Tropics rainforests region of north-eastern Queensland, Australia.[3][4][5] The species has two described varieties, C. araliifolia var. araliifolia and C. araliifolia var. montana, and the common names are used for both.[2][3][4][5]
Carnarvonia araliifolia var. araliifolia grows naturally in the lowlands and up to the lower parts of the uplands, from about 50 to 1,000 m (160 to 3,280 ft) altitude.[3][5] The trees are recorded as developing into the largest size on basalt derived fertile soils.[3]
Carnarvonia araliifolia var. montana grows naturally in the uplands, tablelands and mountains of the region, from about 650 to 1,300 m (2,130 to 4,270 ft) altitude, with its variety name referring to mountains.[4][5]
Taxonomy and naming
In 1867, the colonial botanist Ferdinand von Mueller named the species in honour of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon.[1][2][5][6] In 1995, the Australian tropical rainforest botanist Bernie Hyland updated the description and described the two different varieties.[2]
Phylogenetics studies have indicated that C. araliifolia branched off from an early lineage of the plant family Proteaceae and it retains the ancient characteristics. Botanists have classified the species as a member of the subfamily Grevilleoideae because its cotyledons have auricles, which all other Grevilleoideae have and other Proteaceae outside the subfamily do not have.[7]
Description
C. araliifolia grows up to a tall trees in its native rainforest habitats.[5] The trunks have a pale grey colour and have rounded buttresses with bases likened to an elephant's foot.[5][6] The compound leaves are up to 35 cm (14 in) long, arranged alternately along the stem. From Nov. to May white–cream flowers grow in panicle–structured compound inflorescences.[5][6] They grow into woody follicle fruits, ripening from July to March with 1 or 2 winged seeds inside, which sulphur-crested cockatoos eat.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mueller, Ferdinand von (Dec 1867). "Carnavonia; Carnavonia araliifolia" (in la) (Digitised archive copy, online, via biodiversitylibrary.org). XLIII. 6. Auctoritate Gubern. Coloniæ Victoriæ, Ex Officina Joannis Ferres. pp. 80–81. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/764818. Retrieved 29 Nov 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Carnarvonia%". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Carnarvonia%25.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 F.A. Zich; B.P.M Hyland (2020). "Carnarvonia araliifolia var. araliifolia". Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/carnarvonia_araliifolia_var._araliifolia.htm.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 F.A. Zich; B.P.M Hyland (2020). "Carnarvonia araliifolia var. montana". Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/carnarvonia_araliifolia_var._montana.htm.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. pp. 408-9. ISBN 9780958174213. https://www.nokomis.com.au/product/nokomis-published-books/fruits-australian-tropical-rainforest/. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. pp. 128–29. ISBN 0-207-17277-3.
- ↑ Weston, Peter H.; Barker, Nigel P. (2006). "A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera". Telopea 11 (3): 314–344. doi:10.7751/telopea20065733. http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/80856/Tel11Wes314.pdf.
Wikidata ☰ Q5752777 entry
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