Biology:Candida dubliniensis
| Candida dubliniensis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gram stain of Candida dubliniensis cells (1000-fold magnification) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Saccharomycetes |
| Order: | Saccharomycetales |
| Family: | Saccharomycetaceae |
| Genus: | Candida |
| Species: | C. dubliniensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Candida dubliniensis Sullivan et al. (1995)
| |
Candida dubliniensis is a fungal opportunistic pathogen originally isolated from AIDS patients. It is also occasionally isolated from immunocompetent individuals. It is of the genus Candida, very closely related to Candida albicans but forming a distinct phylogenetic cluster in DNA fingerprinting. It is most commonly isolated from oral cavities,[1] and is also occasionally found in other anatomical sites.
Prevalence and epidemiology
Candida dubliniensis is cosmopolitan (found around the world), and has been described as a separate species in 1995.[2] Retrospective studies have shown that previously it had been commonly identified as Candida albicans, with which C. dubliniensis is closely related and shares a number of characteristics.
One test for distinguishing C. dubliniensis from C. albicans, is laboratory culture of the organism at 42 °C. Most C. albicans strains grow at this temperature,[3] whereas most C. dubliniensis isolates do not.[2] There are also significant differences in the conditions that lead to the formation of chlamydospores between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, although they are otherwise phenotypically very similar.[2]
The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center conducted several studies, both retrospective and prospective. In 974 germ-tube positive yeasts, 22 isolates (2.3%) from 16 patients were C. dubliniensis. All individuals were immunologically compromised with either malignancy or AIDS, and the isolates came from a variety of different sites. C. dubliniensis was also isolated from the mouths of 18% of patients with diabetes and who use insulin.[4]
Antifungal susceptibility
In one study, all 20 C. dubliniensis isolates tested were susceptible to itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B.[5]
Fluconazole
Many isolates of C. dubliniensis are sensitive to fluconazole. In one study, sixteen of twenty isolates were sensitive to fluconazole, while four were resistant.[5] It has been hypothesized that C. dubliniensis possesses the ability to rapidly develop resistance to fluconazole, especially in patients on long-term therapy.[5]
References
- ↑ Gilfillan, G. D.; Sullivan, D. J.; Haynes, K.; Parkinson, T.; Coleman, D. C.; Gow, N. A. R (1998). "Candida dubliniensis: phylogeny and putative virulence factors". Microbiology 144 (4): 829–838. doi:10.1099/00221287-144-4-829. PMID 9579058.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Candida dubliniensis sp. nov.: phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel species associated with oral candidosis in HIV-infected individuals". Microbiology 141 (7): 1507–21. 1995. doi:10.1099/13500872-141-7-1507. PMID 7551019.
- ↑ Kamiyama A; Niimi M; Tokunaga M; . Nakayama H (1989). "Adansonian study of Candida albicans: intraspecific homogeneity excepting C. stellatoidea strains". J Med Vet Mycol 27 (4): 229–241. doi:10.1080/02681218980000311. PMID 2677300.
- ↑ "Isolation of C. dubliniensis from insulin-using diabetes mellitus patients". J Oral Pathol Med 29 (2): 86–90. 2000. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290206.x. PMID 10718404.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Antifungal drug susceptibilities of oral Candida dubliniensis isolates from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected subjects and generation of stable fluconazole-resistant derivatives in vitro". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41 (3): 617–23. March 1997. doi:10.1128/AAC.41.3.617. PMID 9056003.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q3247005 entry
 |  |
