Biology:Bibio (fly)

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Short description: Genus of flies

Bibio
Bibio johannis.jpg
Bibio johannis
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Bibionidae
Genus: Bibio
Geoffroy, 1762
Type species
Tipula hortulanus
Species

see text

Synonyms
  • Bibionus Rafinesque, 1815
  • Bibiophus Bollow, 1954
  • Dichaneurum Aymard, 1856
  • Hirtea Fabricius, 1798
  • Lithobibio Beier, 1952
  • Pullata Harris, 1776
Bibio femoratus - March Fly
Bibio femoratus - March Fly

Bibio, March flies or St. Mark's flies, is a genus of flies (Diptera).

Biology

Bibio larvae live in grassy areas and are herbivores and scavengers feeding on dead vegetation or living plant roots. Some species are found in compost.[1]

In some areas, Bibio flies are regular flower visitors and they are suggested to be pollinators of several plant species,[2][3] such as hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella).[4]

Bibio flies also show strong sexual dichotomy, with males and females having significant differences in body morphology.

Species

  • B. abbreviatus Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. acaptus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. acerbus Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. acutifidis Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. albagulus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. albipennis Say, 1823
  • B. alexanderi James, 1936
  • B. alienus McAtee, 1923[8]
  • B. anasiformis Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. anglicus Verrall, 1869
  • B. anposis Hardy, 1968[9]
  • B. articulatus Say, 1823
  • B. atrigigas Fitzgerald, 1997[10]
  • B. atripilosa James, 1936
  • B. baltimoricus Macquart, 1855
  • B. basalis Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. biconcavus Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. borisi Fitzgerald, 1997[10]
  • B. brunnipes (Fabricius, 1794)
  • B. bryanti Johnson, 1929
  • B. carnificus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. carolinus Hardy, 1945
  • B. carri Curran, 1927
  • B. castanipes Jaennicke, 1867
  • B. chelostylus Fitzgerald, 1997[10]
  • B. chiapensis Fitzgerald, 1997[10]
  • B. claviantenna Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. clavipes Meigen, 1818
  • B. cognatus Hardy, 1937
  • B. columbiaensis Hardy, 1938
  • B. constringutus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. contererus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. crassinodus Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. cruciformis Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. cuneatus Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. curtipes James, 1936
  • B. deflectus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. dipetalus Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. discerptus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. dolichotarsus Yang, 1997[11]
  • B. dormitus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. echinulatus Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. elmoi Papp, 1982
  • B. emphysetarsus Yang, 1997[11]
  • B. enormus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. femoralis Meigen, 1838
  • B. femoraspinatus Yang, 1997[11]
  • B. femoratus Wiedemann, 1820
  • B. ferruginatus (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • B. flavissimus Brunetti, 1925
  • B. fluginata Hardy, 1937
  • B. flukei Hardy, 1937
  • B. fraternus Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. fulvicollis Gimmerthal, 1842
  • B. fumipennis Walker, 1848
  • B. gineri Gil Collado, 1932
  • B. graecus Duda, 1930
  • B. handlirschi Duda, 1930
  • B. hirtus Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. holtii McAtee, 1922[8]
  • B. hortulanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • B. illaudatus Hardy, 1961
  • B. imitator Walker, 1835
  • B. imparilis Hardy, 1959
  • B. inacqualis Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. johannis (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • B. kansensis James, 1936
  • B. knowltoni Hardy, 1937
  • B. labradorensis Johnson, 1929
  • B. lanigerus Meigen, 1818
  • B. latiantennatus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. laufferi Strobl, 1906
  • B. lautaretensis Villeneuve, 1925
  • B. lepidus Loew, 1871
  • B. leucopterus (Meigen, 1804)
  • B. lobata Hardy, 1937
  • B. longipes Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. lugens Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. macer Loew, 1871
  • B. marci (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • B. medioalbus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. melanopilosus Hardy, 1936
  • B. mickeli Hardy, 1937
  • B. monstri James, 1936
  • B. nebulosus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. necotus Hardy, 1937
  • B. nervosus Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. nigrifemoratus Hardy, 1937
  • B. nigripilus Loew, 1864
  • B. nigripilus Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. nigriventris Haliday, 1833
  • B. obediens Osten Sacken, 1881
  • B. obscurus Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. painteri James, 1936
  • B. pallipes Say, 1823
  • B. picinitarsis Brulle, 1832
  • B. pingreensis James, 1936
  • B. plecioides Osten Sacken, 1881
  • B. pomonae (Fabricius, 1775)
  • B. praecidus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. reticulatus Loew, 1846
  • B. rufalipes Hardy, 1937
  • B. rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1838)
  • B. rufithorax Wiedemann, 1828
  • B. rufitibialis Hardy, 1938
  • B. sericata Hardy, 1937
  • B. shaanxiensis Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. siculus Loew, 1846
  • B. siebkei Mik, 1887
  • B. sierrae Hardy, 1960
  • B. similis Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. similis James, 1936
  • B. slossonae Cockerell, 1909
  • B. soldatus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. striatipes Walker, 1848
  • B. tenella Hardy, 1937
  • B. tenuis Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. thoracicus Say, 1824
  • B. townesi Hardy, 1945
  • B. tripus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. tristis Williston, 1893
  • B. utahensis Hardy, 1937
  • B. variabilis Loew, 1864[5]
  • B. variicolor Yang & Luo, 1989[7]
  • B. varipes Meigen, 1830
  • B. velcida Hardy, 1937
  • B. velorum McAtee, 1923[8]
  • B. venosus (Meigen, 1804)
  • B. vestitus Walker, 1848
  • B. villosus Meigen, 1818
  • B. vixdus Durrenfeldt, 1968[6]
  • B. xanthopus Wiedemann, 1828
  • B. xuthopteron Hardy, 1968[9]


References

  1. ↑ Freeman, Paul; Lane, Richard P. (1985). Bibionid and Scatopsid flies, Diptera: Bibionidae & Scatopsidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 9. pp. 74. 
  2. ↑ Peter Goldblatt; John C. Manning; Peter Bernhardt (July 2005). "The Floral Biology of Melasphaerula (Iridaceae: Crocoideae): Is This Monotypic Genus Pollinated by March Flies (Diptera: Bibionidae)?". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92 (2): 268–274. INIST:16975891. 
  3. ↑ Flies and flowers II: Floral attractants and rewards Woodcock et al. (2014) Journal of Pollination Ecology 12:63-94
  4. ↑ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers". Plant Biology 18 (1): 56–62. doi:10.1111/plb.12328. PMID 25754608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273158762. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Loew, Hermann (1864). "Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria quinta.". Berl. Entomol. Z. 8 (1–2): 49–104. doi:10.1002/mmnd.18640080105. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90859#page/6/mode/1up. Retrieved 9 August 2017. 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 Durrenfeldt, A. (1968). "Dipteren aus dem Oberpliozan von Willershausen". Beih. Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover 6: 43–81. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 Yang, C.-k.; Luo, K. (1989). "New species and new records of March flies from Shaanxi, China (Diptera: Bibionidae)". Entomotaxonomia 11: 141–156. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 McAtee, W. L. (1923). "Descriptions of Bibio (Diptera) from the Carolinas". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 25: 62–64. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54667#page/82/mode/1up. Retrieved 10 August 2017. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hardy, D. E. (1968). "Bibionidae (Diptera) of New Guinea". Pacific Insects 10 (3–4): 443–513. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pi/pdf/10(3)-443.pdf. Retrieved 12 August 2017. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Fitzgerald, Scott J. (1997). "A revision of Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae) of Mexico and Central America". Transactions of the American Entomological Society 123 (4): 225–287. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Yang, C.-k. (1997). Diptera: Bibionidae. Pp. 1441-1447. In Yang, X. (ed.), Insects of the Three Gorge Reservoir area of Yangtze River. Part 2.. Chongqing: Chongqing Publ. House. pp. [4]+x+975–1847+[1]. 

Wikidata ☰ Q2029468 entry



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