Biology:Aulacus

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Short description: Genus of wasps

Aulacus
Aulacus-magnus-sp.jpg
Aulacus sp.
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Aulacidae
Genus: Aulacus
Jurine, 1807
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Pycnaulacus Parafoenus
  • Micraulacinus Aulacinus
  • Westwood, 1868 Kieffer, 1910
  • Kieffer, 1910 Cushman, 1929
  • Neuraulacinus Disphaeron
  • Kieffer, 1910 Kieffer, 1910
  • Disaulacinus Dahlbom, 1837
  • Provancher, 1882 Pammegischia

Aulacus is a genus of aulacids, ensigns, and gasteruptiids in the family Aulacidae. There are 77 species of Aulacus.[3][4]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

This genus was originally described in 1807 by Louis Jurine.[5] It is currently one of two extant genera within the family Aulacidae along with its sister genus, Pristaulacus.[6]

As presently defined, the genus Aulacus has been noted by Turrisi et al. in 2009 as not representing a monophyletic group, instead being a paraphyletic assemblage of species with respect to Pristaulacus. Their research also concluded the need for further studies to split the genus into several monophyletic genera.[7]

Description and identification

Aulacus are generally small auladic wasps. The head lacks an occipital carina, and the tarsal claws are simple.[8] The forewing has vein 2r-m present in contrast to the genus Pristaulacus, which lacks this vein.[9]

Distribution

The genus Aulacus has a nearly worldwide distribution apart from the Afrotropics and Antarctica.[1][4]

Behavior

While little is known about the biology of the genus as a whole, many species are known to be koinobiont parasitoids of beetles or wood wasps.[6]

Species

The following are 72 of the described species belong to the genus Aulacus:

  • Aulacus albimanus (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus amazonicus (Roman, 1917) i c g
  • Aulacus aneurus Walkley, 1952 i c g
  • Aulacus aroueti (Girault, 1926) i c g
  • Aulacus atriceps (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus belairensis Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus biroi (Szépligeti, 1903) i c g
  • Aulacus bituberculatus Cameron, 1899 i c g
  • Aulacus braconiformis (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus brasiliensis (Szépligeti, 1903) i c g
  • Aulacus braunsi (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus brevicaudus (Cushman, 1929) i c g
  • Aulacus brevis Smith, 2005 i c g
  • Aulacus burquei (Provancher, 1882) i c g b
  • Aulacus burwelli Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus cephalus Smith, 2005 i c g
  • Aulacus coracinus Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus costulatus (Kieffer, 1904) i c g
  • Aulacus davidi Kuroda, Konishi, Turrisi & Yamasako, 2020 j
  • Aulacus digitalis Townes, 1950 i c g
  • Aulacus dispilis Townes, 1950 i c g b
  • Aulacus douglasi Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus elegans (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus emineo Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus eocenicus Nel, Waller & De Ploëg, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus erythrogaster He & Chen, 2002 i c g
  • Aulacus festivus (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus flavicornis (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus flavigenis Alekseev, 1986 i c g j
  • Aulacus flavimanus (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus flindersbaudini Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus forus (Smith, 2001) i c g
  • Aulacus fritschii(Brues, 1933) i c g
  • Aulacus fuscicornis Cameron, 1911 i c g
  • Aulacus fusiger Schletterer, 1890 i c g
  • Aulacus gaullei (Kieffer, 1904) i c g
  • Aulacus grossi Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus houstoni Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus hyalinipennis Westwood, 1841 i g
  • Aulacus impolitus Smith, 1991 i c g j
  • Aulacus japonicus Konishi, 1990 i c g j
  • Aulacus jeoffreyi Alekseev, 1993 i c g
  • Aulacus kohli Schletterer, 1890 i c g
  • Aulacus krahmeri Elgueta & Lanfranco, 1994 i c g
  • Aulacus larisae Sundukov & Lelej, 2015
  • Aulacus longiventris (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus lovei (Ashmead, 1901) i c g
  • Aulacus machaerophorus Kuroda, Kikuchi & Konishi, 2016 j
  • Aulacus magnus Chen, Turrisi & Xu, 2016 z
  • Aulacus mcmillani Jennings, Austin & Stevens, 2004 i c g
  • Aulacus minutus Crosskey, 1953 i c g
  • Aulacus moerens Westwood, 1868 i c g
  • Aulacus nigriventris (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus notatus (Szépligeti, 1903) i c g
  • Aulacus ochreus Smith, 2005 i c g
  • Aulacus pallidicaudis (Cameron, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus pallipes Cresson, 1879 i c g
  • Aulacus pediculatus Schletterer, 1890 i c g
  • Aulacus philippinensis (Kieffer, 1916) i c g
  • Aulacus planiceps (Szépligeti, 1903) i c g
  • Aulacus prisculus(Brues, 1933) i c g
  • Aulacus pterostigmatus (Szépligeti, 1903) i c g
  • Aulacus schiffi Smith, 1996 i c g
  • Aulacus schoenitzeri Turrisi, 2005 i c g
  • Aulacus shizukii Kuroda, Konishi, Turrisi & Yamasako, 2020 j
  • Aulacus sinensis He & Chen, 2007 j
  • Aulacus striatus Jurine, 1807 i c g
  • Aulacus thoracicus Westwood, 1841 i c g
  • Aulacus truncatus (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus uchidai Turrisi & Konishi, 2011 j
  • Aulacus vespiformis (Kieffer, 1911) i c g
  • Aulacus westwoodi Kieffer, 1912 i c g

Data sources: i = ITIS,[10] c = Catalogue of Life,[11] g = GBIF,[12] b = Bugguide.net,[13] z = Revision of Chinese Aulacidae,[4] j = Revisional Study of Japan,[6] r = Aulacidae in the Russian Far East[14]

Nomina nuda

There are additionally 4 species names that are considered nomina nuda in Smith's catalog of species.[1]

  • Aulacus beckeri Tournier, 1911
  • Aulacus plurimaculatus Tournier, 1911
  • Aulacus rufilabris Giraud, 1868
  • Aulacus transversostriatus Tournier, 1911

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Smith, David R. (2001). "World catalog of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera)". Contributions on Entomology, International 4 (3): 261–320. ISSN 1084-0745. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260417793. 
  2. Poole, R.W. & P. Gentili, 1996. Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera. Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Check List of the Insects of North America. Vol 2. ISBN:1-889002-02-X
  3. Añino Ramos, Yostin Jesús (2018). Sistemática y taxonomía de avispas Aulacidae, Gasteruptiidae y Stephanidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) de Panamá (Thesis). University of Panama. pp. 1–48. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15482.39365. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chen, Hua-yan; Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio; Xu, Zai-fu (2016). "A revision of the Chinese Aulacidae (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea)". ZooKeys (587): 77–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.587.7207. PMID 27408528. 
  5. Jurine, Louis (1807). Nouvelle Méthode de Classer les Hyménoptères et les Diptères. Hyménoptères. Tome Premier.. Genève: J. J. Paschoud. pp. 319 pp. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.60886. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/60886. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Kuroda, Keita; Konishi, Kazuhiko; Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio; Yamasako, Junsuke (2020). "A revisional study of the genus Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) of Japan". Zootaxa 4830 (1): 161–185. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.7. PMID 33056256. 
  7. Turrisi, G.F.; Jennings, J.T; Vilhelmsen, L. (2009). "Phylogeny and generic concepts in the parasitoid wasp family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea)". Invertebrate Systematics 23 (1): 27–59. doi:10.1071/IS08031. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230725674. 
  8. Smith, David R. (1996). "Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in the mid-Atlantic states, with a key to species of eastern North America". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 274–291. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260798188. Retrieved 2022-01-16. 
  9. Smith, David R. (2008). "Aulacidae of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Central America". Beiträge zur Entomologie 58 (2): 267–355. doi:10.21248/contrib.entomol.58.2.267-355. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260417798. Retrieved 2022-01-16. 
  10. "Aulacus Report". https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=707493. Retrieved 2018-05-03. 
  11. "Catalogue of Life". http://www.catalogueoflife.org/. Retrieved 2018-05-03. 
  12. "Aulacus". https://www.gbif.org/species/1248954. Retrieved 2018-05-03. 
  13. "Aulacus Genus Information". https://bugguide.net/node/view/163356. Retrieved 2018-05-03. 
  14. Sundukov, Yu N; Lelej, A.S. (2015). "Review of the family Aulacidae (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) in the Russian Far East". Euroasian Entomological Journal 14 (2): 107–118. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301285116. Retrieved 2022-01-16. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q14498733 entry