Astronomy:Kepler-1658b

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Short description: Exoplanet in the constellation Cygnus
Kepler-1658b
Discovery
Discovered byAshley Chontos et al. (Kepler team)
Discovery dateFebruary 2019 (published 29 April 2019)
Transit (Kepler Mission)
Orbital characteristics[1]
0.0544 ± 0.0007 astronomical unit|AU (8,140,000 ± 100,000 km)
Eccentricity0.063+0.020
−0.019
Orbital period3.84937278±0.00000080 d
Inclination76.52°+0.58°
−0.59°
352.3°+1.9°
−3.4°
StarKepler-1658 (KOI-4)
Physical characteristics[1]
Mean radius1.07 |♃|J}}}}}}
Mass5.88 |♃|J}}}}}}
Mean density6,360 kg/m3 (10,720 lb/cu yd)
13.0 g
Albedo0.785

Kepler-1658b (or the Kepler object of interest, KOI-4.01) is a hot Jupiter, a type of gas giant exoplanet,[2] that orbits an F-type star called Kepler 1658, located about 2629 light-years away from the Solar System.[3] It is the first planet identified by the Kepler space telescope after its launch in 2009, but later ruled out as false alarm since its transit could not be confirmed. A study published in 2019 established it as a planet,[4] describing it as "the closest known planet in terms of orbital period to an evolved star."[5] Analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data in 2022[6] showed that it is gradually spiraling into its star.[7]

History

Named after German astronomer Johannes Kepler,[8] the Kepler space telescope was launched by NASA in 2009[9] to discover planets orbiting other stars.[10][11] In June 2010, data of the first observations were publicly announced that 705 stars indicated exoplanet candidates. In January 2011, identification of 305 stars as containing planets was published as the Kepler Input Catalogue.[12] The planets were designated as the Kepler object of interest (KOI).[13] An F-type star KOI-4 was among the observed exoplanetary system. Before 2009, KOI-1 to KOI-3 were already known as possible exoplanet bearing stars.[14] KOI-4.01 was thus the first exoplanet identified by the Kepler spacecraft.[5][15]

KOI-4.01 was seen as blocking a bit of starlight from the KOI-4, which indicated that it was a transiting planet. The size of KOI-4 was estimated to be slightly larger than the Sun, by about 1.1 times, with its planet about the size of Neptune. A secondary eclipse was observed that still showed a dip in starlight. Such dip was not expected to be coming from a planet as small as KOI-4.01.[14] The identification of the planet was ruled out as a false alarm.[16]

In 2016, Ashley Chontos, then a first-year graduate student at the University of Hawaiʻi in Honolulu, started analysing the Kepler data.[14] She and her collaborators confirmed in February 2019 that KOI-4.01 is a real planet,[17] a hot Jupiter.[4] Chontos announced it on 5 March at NASA’s Kepler & K2 science conference in Glendale, California,[14] and published it on 29 April in The Astronomical Journal. The study described it as "the closest known planet in terms of orbital period to an evolved star" and an "insight into theories for hot Jupiter formation and migration."[5] The planet was named Kepler-1658b, referring to the entry number in the Kepler Catalogue.[2] After running out of fuel, the Kepler space telescope terminated in 2018, and the study was taken over by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).[18]

Description

KOI-4 is about 2.9 times the size of the Sun,[1] and not 1.1 times larger as initially estimated.[14] This estimate makes Kepler-1658b larger than Neptune, about 1.07 the size of Jupiter, with a mass of 5.88 Jupiters. Kepler-1658b is gas giant exoplanet, a type of hot Jupiter.[2] It is located 806 ± 18 parsecs (2,629 ± 59 ly) and 0.0544 AU from KOI-4.[1] It takes 3.8 Earth-days to complete one orbit around its star.[19]

TESS observations published in 2022 showed that Kepler-1658b has a decreasing orbital period at a rate of about 131+20
−22 milliseconds per year and is spiralling into its star due to tidal deceleration, at which rate it will be consumed in around 2.5 million years. This is the second discovery of any planet whose orbit is decaying and heading for destruction towards its own star, after WASP-12b.[6] Scientists said that such process could explain how other planets, including the Earth, would end in the course of their host stars evolving to the giant star phase.[20]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-1658 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler_1658_b--7038/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hadhazy, Adam (2022-12-19). "Exoplanet spiraling toward its doom as it orbits aging star" (in en-US). https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/12/exoplanet-spiraling-toward-its-doom-as-it-orbits-aging-star/. 
  3. ↑ "Is this the way Earth is going to die? Death of Exoplanet shows how" (in en). 2022-12-20. https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/is-this-the-way-earth-is-going-to-die-death-of-exoplanet-shows-how-71671520727499.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Strickland, Ashley (2019-03-06). "Kepler's first exoplanet has been confirmed, 10 years after discovery" (in en). https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/06/world/kepler-first-exoplanet-confirmed-scn/index.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Chontos, Ashley; Huber, Daniel; Latham, David W.; Bieryla, Allyson; Eylen, Vincent Van; Bedding, Timothy R.; Berger, Travis; Buchhave, Lars A. et al. (2019). "The Curious Case of KOI 4: Confirming Kepler ' s First Exoplanet Detection". The Astronomical Journal 157 (5): 192. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0e8e. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2019AJ....157..192C. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vissapragada, Shreyas; Chontos, Ashley; Greklek-McKeon, Michael; Knutson, Heather A.; Dai, Fei; González, Jorge Pérez; Grunblatt, Sam; Huber, Daniel et al. (2022). "The Possible Tidal Demise of Kepler's First Planetary System". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 941 (2): L31. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aca47e. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...941L..31V. 
  7. ↑ "Kepler's first exoplanet is spiraling toward its doom". 2022-12-19. https://scienmag.com/keplers-first-exoplanet-is-spiraling-toward-its-doom/. 
  8. ↑ DeVore, Edna (June 9, 2008). "Closing in on Extrasolar Earths". Space.com. http://www.space.com/searchforlife/080619-seti-extrasolar-earths.html. 
  9. ↑ "Kepler Launch". NASA. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/launch/index.html. 
  10. ↑ "Kepler: About the Mission". NASA / Ames Research Center. 2013. http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/QuickGuide/. 
  11. ↑ Dunham, Edward W.; Gautier, Thomas N.; Borucki, William J. (August 2, 2010). "Statement from the Kepler Science Council". NASA / Ames Research Center. http://kepler.nasa.gov/news/nasakeplernews/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=52. 
  12. ↑ Brown, Timothy M.; Latham, David W.; Everett, Mark E.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A. (2011-10-01). "Kepler Input Catalog: Photometric Calibration and Stellar Classification". The Astronomical Journal 142 (4): 112. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/4/112. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2011AJ....142..112B. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/142/4/112. 
  13. ↑ Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Basri, Gibor; Batalha, Natalie; Boss, Alan; Brown, Timothy M.; Caldwell, Douglas; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen et al. (2011). "Characteristics of Kepler Planetary Candidates Based on the First Data Set". The Astrophysical Journal 728 (2): 117. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/117. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...728..117B. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/117. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Grossman, Lisa (2019-03-05). "Kepler's first planet has finally been confirmed 10 years later" (in en-US). https://www.sciencenews.org/article/first-planet-kepler-finally-confirmed-10-years-later. 
  15. ↑ Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Basri, Gibor; Batalha, Natalie; Brown, Timothy M.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Caldwell, Douglas; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen et al. (2011-07-20). "Characteristics of Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the First Four Months of Data". The Astrophysical Journal 736 (1): 19. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...736...19B. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19. 
  16. ↑ "Kepler-1658 b, the First exoplanet spotted by Kepler finally confirmed" (in en). 2019-03-07. https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/first-exoplanet-kepler-spotted-finally-confirmed-5615155/. 
  17. ↑ "Discovery Alert! Kepler's First Planet Candidate Confirmed, 10 Years Later" (in en). NASA. 2019-03-05. https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1552/discovery-alert-keplers-first-planet-candidate-confirmed-10-years-later/. 
  18. ↑ Grossman, Lisa (2018-10-30). "The planet-hunting Kepler space telescope is dead" (in en-US). https://www.sciencenews.org/article/planet-hunting-kepler-space-telescope-dead. 
  19. ↑ Brennan, Pat (2019). "Exoplanet-catalog" (in en). NASA. https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/6502/kepler-1658-b/. 
  20. ↑ Communications, Adam Hadhazy CfA (19 December 2022). "Exoplanet spiraling toward its doom as it orbits aging star". Harvard Gazette. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/12/exoplanet-spiraling-toward-its-doom-as-it-orbits-aging-star/. 



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