Physics:Isotopes of phosphorus

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Short description: Nuclides with atomic number of 15 but with different mass numbers

Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 isotopes from 26P to 47P, only 31P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33P with a half-life of 25.34 days and 32P with a half-life of 14.268 days.[1][2] All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is 47P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.

List of isotopes

Nuclide[3]
[n 1]
Z N Isotopic mass (u)[4]
[n 2][n 3]
Half-life
[n 4]
Decay
mode

[n 5]
Daughter
isotope

[n 6]
Spin and
parity
[n 7][n 4]
Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy Normal proportion Range of variation
26P[n 8] 15 11 26.01178(21)# 43.7(6) ms β+ (63.2%) 26Si (3+)
β+, p (36.8%) 25Al
26mP 164.4(1) keV 120(9) ns IT 26P
27P 15 12 26.999224(28) 260(80) ms β+ (99.93%) 27Si 1/2+
β+, p (.07%) 26Al
28P 15 13 27.9923266(12) 270.3(5) ms β+ (99.99%) 28Si 3+
β+, p (.0013%) 27Al
β+, α (8.6×10−4%) 24Mg
29P 15 14 28.9818004(4) 4.142(15) s β+ 29Si 1/2+
30P 15 15 29.97831349(7) 2.498(4) min β+ 30Si 1+
31P 15 16 30.9737619986(7) Stable 1/2+ 1.0000
32P 15 17 31.97390764(4) 14.268(5) d β 32S 1+ Trace
33P 15 18 32.9717257(12) 25.35(11) d β 33S 1/2+
34P 15 19 33.9736459(9) 12.43(10) s β 34S 1+
35P 15 20 34.9733141(20) 47.3(8) s β 35S 1/2+
36P 15 21 35.978260(14) 5.6(3) s β 36S 4−
37P 15 22 36.97961(4) 2.31(13) s β 37S (1/2+)
38P 15 23 37.98430(8) 0.64(14) s β (87.5%) 38S
β, n (12.5%) 37S
39P 15 24 38.98629(12) 282(24) ms β (73.2%) 39S 1/2+#
β, n (26.8%) 38S
40P 15 25 39.99129(16) 150(8) ms β (84.2%) 40S (2−,3−)
β, n (15.8%) 39S
41P 15 26 40.99465(13) 101(5) ms β (70%) 41S 1/2+#
β, n (30%) 40S
42P 15 27 42.00108(34) 48.5(15) ms β (50%) 42S
β, n (50%) 41S
43P 15 28 43.00502(60) 35.8(13) ms β, n (100%) 42S 1/2+#
β, 2n ? 41S
44P 15 29 44.01122(54)# 18.5(25) ms β 44S
45P 15 30 45.01675(54)# 24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms[5] β, n (79%) 44S 1/2+#
β, 2n (21%) 43S
46P 15 31 46.02466(75)# 4# ms [>200 ns] β 46S
47P[6] 15 32 47.03190(86)# 2# ms β 47S
  1. mP – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. 4.0 4.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. Modes of decay:
    IT: Isomeric transition
    n: Neutron emission
    p: Proton emission
  6. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. Has 1 halo proton

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

Phosphorus-33

33P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of 31P (stable). The 33P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. 33P is used as an alternative to 32P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, 33P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.[7]


External links

References

  1. PubChem. "Phosphorus Radioisotopes" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/156614170. 
  2. "phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973)". https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:37973. 
  3. Half-life, decay mode, nuclear spin, and isotopic composition is sourced in:
    Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties". Chinese Physics C 41 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001. Bibcode2017ChPhC..41c0001A. https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2016/NUBASE2016.pdf. 
  4. Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017). "The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references". Chinese Physics C 41 (3): 030003-1—030003-442. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003. http://nuclearmasses.org/resources_folder/Wang_2017_Chinese_Phys_C_41_030003.pdf. 
  5. Crawford, H. L.Expression error: Unrecognized word "et". (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters 129 (212501): 212501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. Bibcode2022PhRvL.129u2501C. 
  6. Neufcourt, L.; Cao, Y.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.; Viens, F. (2019). "Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging". Physical Review Letters 122 (6): 062502–1–062502–6. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502. PMID 30822058. Bibcode2019PhRvL.122f2502N. 
  7. "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)". https://www.biotrend.com/en/buy/cat-phosphorus-33-p-33-3690.html#:~:text=Phosphorus%2033%20is%20an%20artificial,is%20a%20pure%20%CE%B2%2Dtransmitter..