Biology:Cristatella
| Cristatella | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Bryozoa |
| Class: | Phylactolaemata |
| Order: | Plumatellida |
| Family: | Cristatellidae Allman, 1856 |
| Genus: | Cristatella Cuvier, 1798 |
| Species: | C. mucedo
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cristatella mucedo Cuvier, 1798
| |
Cristatella mucedo is a bryozoan in the family Cristatellidae, and the only species of the genus Cristatella.[1][2] They are noted for their elongated shape and colorless, transparent bodies.[3]
Distribution
The species can be found in north-eastern North America (Canada ,[4] and United States ), Northern Europe, including United Kingdom , Lithuania,[3] Norway , Finland , and the Netherlands from sea level to 1,116 metres (3,661 ft) asl.[5]
Habitat and ecology
The species prefers cold climate waters. They live in statoblastic colonies[6] that can range from 5 to 10 centimeters.[3] The habitat is either lotic or lentic,[7] including man-made water bodies such as gravel pits.
Populations in Europe are genetically relatively homogeneous, perhaps reflecting postglacial colonization representing a single lineage. In contrast, North American populations are highly diverse. There is some evidence of two different major lineages, perhaps representing cryptic species or subspecies, with hybridization that have boosted genetic diversity.[8] Some colonies have shown capabilities in sexual reproduction in brief instances.[7]
References
- ↑ Cristatella mucedo
- ↑ Bock, P. (2015). "Cristatella Cuvier, 1798". World list of Bryozoa. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254314.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Šatkauskienė, Ingrida; Wood, Timothy; Rutkauskaitė-Sucilienė, Jurgita; Mildažienė, Vida; Tučkutė, Simona (2018-12-07). "Freshwater bryozoans of Lithuania (Bryozoa)" (in en). ZooKeys (774): 53–75. doi:10.3897/zookeys.774.21769. ISSN 1313-2970. PMID 30034263. PMC 6053470. https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/21769/.
- ↑ "Species list of Albertas bryozoans on Aquatic Invertebrates of Alberta". http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/Projects/Aquatic_Invertebrates/?Page=16.
- ↑ Økland, Karen Anna; Økland, Jan (2000). "Freshwater bryozoans (Bryozoa) of Norway: Distribution and ecology of Cristatella mucedo and Paludicella articulata". Hydrobiologia 421 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1023/A:1003917200848.
- ↑ Michiel van der Waaij (July 2009). "Freshwater bryozoans or moss animals". Micscape. Microscopy UK. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artfeb10/mw-bryozo_statoblasts.html. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Uotila, Laura; Jokela, Jukka (1995). "Variation in reproductive characteristics of colonies of the freshwater bryozoan Cristatella mucedo". Freshwater Biology 34 (3): 513–522. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00909.x.
- ↑ Freeland, Joanna R.; Romualdi, Chiara; Okamura, Beth (2000). "Gene flow and genetic diversity: a comparison of freshwater bryozoan populations in Europe and North America". Heredity 85 (5): 498–508. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00780.x. PMID 11122429.
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